圖書典藏及影音數位平台

石門水庫蓄水範圍地質以沉積岩為主，由於地層年輕岩質強度普遍不高，易受風化崩解。潮濕多雨的氣候，造成表層沖蝕劇烈，也促成地形陡急特性、水系下切作用旺盛等現象。石門水庫蓄水範圍水岸因水流與土石沖刷襲擊，護岸設施常有多次受損修建之現象。近年極端氣候影響，強降雨機率增加。坡體浸潤後因強度降低，護岸破壞機率更高。當護岸破壞後向上發展，邊坡地滑坍塌也隨之發生。崩落土時衝擊河道，破壞設施及造成河道堰塞，形成維修復建之沉重負擔。 本研究以石門水庫蓄水範圍及上游主流河川多次損壞修復之工程案例進行破壞機制分析以及修復策略研討，並探討現階段國內外具備高強度、耐久性佳、環境友善、工期短、施工便利等特性之新式材料工法，運用於補強或取代現地既有設施材料，防止設施基礎持續淘空損壞之可行性。經由既有案例調查分析破壞機制與致災要因，蒐集國內外治理工程護岸材料工法進行比對，研討國外已經應用之新式材料工法應用於既有案例之可行性及效益。 目前國內普遍應用及國外發展中應用於治理工程之新式與傳統材料工法，概分為土石疊砌、場鑄混凝土、預鑄混凝土、塑化複合材料等以及以特殊施工機具構成之工法。新材料之發展則有別於施工機具之演進改善，隨著材料科學發展基本原料經過製程改善與複合強化，出現了許多以往未見之新式材料。在許多方面其性能超出傳統材料設計者之想像，開創了前所未有之設計手段空間。其中新近興起之高強度複合材料FRP材質，具有已往各塑化類材料所缺乏之高剛度與強度，FRP材料密度為一般結構用鋼的四分之一，其強度則約為結構用鋼的2.5倍，並具耐蝕環保特性。若將其應用於治理工程的護岸設施上，則可大幅節省搬運能量，加速施工時效、降低機具與人力成本、減少工期。 經調查既有治理工程復建案例破壞機制評估，研判造成護岸破壞之要因以水流沖刷為基礎淘空最直接外力因素，加深趾部、阻絕背土連通前側、降低護岸趾側水流速度仍為對抗沖刷最實際手段。因此對於治理工程中護岸設施之材料工法，須要一種具有能阻斷護岸下方地下水流杜絕細料淘空，而能兼具結構樁支承與岸壁擋土能力之新式材料。 由材料試驗及數值分析結果顯示，在耐候、酸鹼和各種溶劑之環境，新式材料高強度FRP材料明顯優於各種傳統營建材料。其生產製造方法則以拉擠成型之力學性能最佳。在高強度FRP板樁彎矩力學實驗分析中發現，在跨深比12以上係由彎矩控制破壞，而跨深比12以下則由剪力控制破壞；該材料之應用須儘量避免集中載重，避免基材應力集中壓碎破壞。 針對新式材料高強度FRP製成板樁與類似之傳統材料鋼鈑樁的應用工法進行成本、生命週期成本、碳足跡、效率等效益進行比較。整體而言，高強度FRP板樁具有生命週期成本較低、質輕易加工、且具有環保、低碳足跡之特性。可作為替補鋼鈑樁材質成為治理工程應用材料工法之優勢選項。現地試作試驗。試驗結果確認FRP板樁採一般鋼鈑樁震動機之施工貫入土層並無問題。對於岩石或卵礫層則需其他輔助工法始能勝任。 本研究調查了近年來石門水庫蓄水範圍及上游主流河道多起既有護岸破壞案例，用以進行致災原因分析。經由蒐集國內外材料與配套工法進行應用特性探討，比對新式材料工法應用於致災原因之可能性。發現其中複合材料-高強度FRP所製成之板樁，具有輕質性、高強度比、耐候、耐蝕等優點，若與傳統材料結合應用可作為新式材料工法發展之良好素材。本研究並進行了其材料特性、力學性能以及現場試作試驗。確認其可作為鋼鈑樁之替代性材料，在施工上則具有輕便與耐蝕、耐候特性，經碳足跡比較亦顯示大幅低於傳統材料工法。可作為土質地盤護岸工程之良好材料工法選項。

The geological composition in the mountainous watershed of Shimen reservoir and its main upstream catchement basin mostly consist of brittle sedimentary rocks which are easily disintegrated by weathering agents due to its young age of formation. The wet and humid weather allows for active erosion and stream cutting on surface stratum and also leads to the formation of steep terrain. Due to attack from water stream and mud-rock flow, the basin revetment is repeatedly damaged and repaired .In recent years, extreme weather tendency brought more heavy rainfall, as a result of this the soaked,saturated and weakened condition of the slopes led to a higher probability of revetment damage. When the slip plane arise from the damaged revetment and propagate upward, the slope ultimately collapses. The debris of the collapsed slope run into stream channel leading to the river blockage which make the maintenance and rehabilitation work even more burdensome The subject in this This research focuses on a case study of repeated repairs in the above mentioned area. Examining the recent newly developed high-strength, durable, environmentally friendly, easier and efficient workability materials and method,finding some can be applied in reinforcement , repairing or substituting present facility thus prevent further erosion and caving in foundation. By studying failure mechanism and factor analysis, comparing the need and what can be provided by the new-developed materials and methods feasibility and effect. Regarding the governing in reservoir and its main upstream area,the new developed and present materials and construction method utilized can be classified roughly into several species such as pile up and masonry of rock or soil, cast in field concrete, precast concrete, plastic composite materials and special equipment coupled construction method .The new developed materials is far different from the evolution of construction equipment. Combined new developed scientific knowledge , process improvement and hybrid ,some never seen new materials come out and brings innovational concept and methods that breakthrough conventional designer’s imagination. There is a highlighting products , high strength composit materials FRP, showing never seen high strength and rigidity in plastic materials. Its density about 1/4 of steel, but comparable strength about 2.5 times to steel , even have environment friendly and erosion resistance characteristics.If it can be applied in revetment work in governing engineering will surely bring up shortage of construction period, saving field work and manforce consuming and machine requirement. According to the investigation and asessment on damaged and repaired case. The concluded main factor introduced failure of revetment is the erosion of water stream. To defense it , deepen revetment toe ,stop seepage connection and slow down stream speed near revetment is the most practical solution. It comes to the requirement of new materials can provide blocking the loss path of fine soil particles and acting as a supporting pile and retaining wall. The experiments and numerical analysis of new developed high strength FRP shows both weather ,acidity,alkalinity and various solvent reistance, all better performance than traditional materials. The best production method of high strength FRP for mechanical property shall be the pull-squeeze process .In experiments on high strength FRP made sheetpiles shows when span-depth ratio greater than 12 goes flextural failure mode otherwise shear failure mode.The application of it shall avoid concentrated load to prevent local crushed in members. Comparing similar products ,sheet piles, made of high strength FRP and steel on installation cost , life cycle cost , carbon consuming trace and efficacy. Generally high strength FRP can be a lower cost, lighter weight, easier machining, environment friendly, low carbon consuming trace product the steel made. The field test on construction also shows no problem for high strength FRP sheetpile in penetrating soil stratum by normal machine. Regarding rock or gravel stratum ,additional equipment or aid method shall be needed. In this research , several damaged and repaired revetment for governing engineering in Shimen reservoir storage range and main upstream were studied for identifying factors that introduce damage .By comparing collected foreign and domestic materials and construction method , traditional and new developed, finding the feasibility to use new developed materials and coupled method to solve failure mechanism. During these work an outstanding new developed material , high strength FRP, shows light weight, high comparable strength, weather and acid durability,can be a good material coupled with traditional materials and methods. Laboratory test and field test construction also reveals it can be an alternative materials to steel products. Possessing light, portable ,weather and acidity durability and much lower carbon consuming traits. It surely could be a good alternative choice for revetment in soil stratum.