圖書典藏及影音數位平台

一、 河道大斷面測量成果為河川水理、輸砂演算及警戒水位制定、洪氾區劃定、防洪建造物之規劃設計及河川管理之重要參考資料，另跨河建造物、固床工之安全調查、河床沖淤分析等亦須依據河川水理、輸砂演算之成果研判。為檢討中央管河川警戒水位及河川治理規劃、河川管理所需，爰成立本委辦計畫，辦理濁水溪水系(含主流及重要支流)大斷面測量工作並分107、108年度實施。本年度(108年度)為第二年計畫。 二、 本計畫共計辦理濁水溪水系支流之河川大斷面測量約929處(含橋梁上下游之大斷面測量)；包含濁水溪水系支流產製正射影像、數值高程模型(DEM)等工作，資料製作範圍以兩岸各往外50公尺為作業範圍(兩岸係指既設堤防處或治理計畫線較寬者為基準；未辦理治理計畫河段則以河川區域線為基準；未辦理治理計畫及河川區域線河段，則以既有河岸高崁為基準，惟若有低階河階地需包含河階地範圍)，辦理河道面積計約220平方公里。 三、 工作成果 (一) 107年度工作成果：本計畫107年度已完成現場勘查及工作規劃、三角點衛星定位檢測、基樁調查及埋設、斷面樁坐標測量、一等水準點檢測、斷面樁高程引測、支流防洪及跨河構造物調查、支流航空攝影、主流正射影像及數值高程模型製作、河道縱橫斷面圖製作(濁水溪主流約321個斷面)。 (二) 108年度各項工作成果： 1. 正射影像製作(各支流) 共完成濁水溪主支流：1/2,000圖幅數量：1,298幅；1/2,400圖幅數量：836幅；1/5,000圖幅數量：154幅。成果如附錄1。 2. 數值覆蓋面模型（DSM）、數值高程模型（DEM）製作(各支流) 依107年度支流河段之空載LiDAR雷射掃瞄施測資料成果，製作計畫範圍各支流河段之數值覆蓋面模型（DSM）、數值高程模型（DEM），相關製作程序、網格間距、圖幅、資料格式及資料精度等，同107年度之成果要求。 3. 河道縱橫斷面圖製作 本年度計畫完成濁水溪各支流共608個斷面，各溪斷面成果數量統計如表8。 4. 河道縱斷面圖製作 依原治理規劃檢討之各斷面河心累距及實測各大斷面谿線高程繪製河道縱斷面圖。各支流縱斷面圖如圖35~圖47。 5. 各支流防洪及跨河構造物調查 (1). 防洪構造物調查 完成計畫範圍各支流現有防洪構造物調查，其中各支流現有防洪構造物計左岸47,691公尺、右岸55,058公尺(如表9)，各支流防洪及跨河構造物分布情形詳附錄2。 (2). 跨河構造物調查 完成計畫範圍各支流現有跨河構造物調查(含閘門、跌水工、攔河堰、橋梁、水槽等)。各溪跨河構造物調查共計53座(如表10) ，各支流防洪及跨河構造物分布情形詳附錄2。 6. 河道水理及土砂沖淤分析(濁水溪支流) (1). 一維流水理演算 採用美國陸軍工程師團水文工程中心（Hydrologic Engineering Center,U.S. Army Corps of Engineers）所發展計算水面剖線之數值模式HEC-RAS模式。其中水文資料、河道糙度係數係參照經濟部水利署轄各單位歷年辦理之治理規劃(檢討)水文分析成果；經擇定邊界條件後，以超、亞臨界流況之混合模式分析演算。水理演算成果如附錄3。 (2). 濁水溪主、支流歷年沖淤分析比較 本次蒐集第四河川局提供濁水溪水系歷年各單位辦理之河道大斷面測量資料(含本次測設成果)，計算各年各斷面平均河床高；再依歷年之平均河床高，分析各斷面沖淤高程變化情形(成果如圖52~圖64)。另繪製全計畫河段之平均河床高縱斷圖(如附錄4)及濁水溪主、支流各河段歷年平均沖淤深度分析成果(如圖65~圖77)。 (3). 二維水理輸砂模式案例分析 A. 二維水理輸砂模式規劃：本計畫經四河局建議之濁水溪二水鐵路橋至名竹大橋間河段(斷面82~108)進行二維水理輸砂沖淤模擬，數值模型建立擬採用美國國家計算科學及工程中心河道變遷模式(CCHE-2D模式)。依已建置之河道地形資料及經設定模擬水理與輸砂相關參數及演算邊界條件、起始條件後進行模擬。 B. 本區段位於二水鐵路橋至名竹大橋附近，屬集集攔河堰下游區段，模擬範圍平均河寬約1,200公尺，河段總長約12,450公尺，上游入流歷線為10年重現期洪峰流量，下游起算水位為10年重現期流量歷線(經HEC-RAS水理分析後之水位歷線)為計算起始水位。因河道斷面束縮且受上游集集攔河堰影響，流速較快且土砂來源減少。依CCHE-2D模擬成果(如圖79)，顯示河道均呈現沖刷趨勢。斷面82~100河段，因東埔蚋溪及清水溪匯入，帶來上游土砂來源，經以Q10及Q100進行模擬結果，河道呈現兩岸擺盪及局部淤積情況；而Q2則因上游泥沙下移量較少，呈現河道局部沖刷情況。經與歷年大斷面測量成果檢核後，Q10及Q100模擬成果與100~104年沖淤比較成果相符，Q2模擬成果與104~107年沖淤比較成果相符。究其原因，應係104~107年間無較大水文事件發生所致。 7. 地理資訊系統建置與整合成果 本計畫107與108年度成果已匯入第四河川局Skyline之三維地理資訊系統，支援微軟(Microsoft)作業系統下執行，能提供使用者互動的3D環境，快速地存取空間資訊資料，並擁有融合與即時瀏覽大量影像與向量資料能力，其絕佳的串流技術在3D擬真物件上展示相當順暢，可飛行導覽地表景觀及觀看細緻3D模型，提供第四河川局同仁後續量測、規劃管理之用。 8. 教育訓練 本計畫已於108年11月5日假第四河川局三樓水情中心會議室辦理教育訓練，並提供學員每人一份Skyline操作手冊，使各管理及使用單位熟悉本系統所提供之各項功能，以利實際業務之運用。 關鍵字：濁水溪、數值覆蓋面模型、數值高程模型、土砂沖淤分析、地理資訊系統。

I. The results of the river section measurement of the river river are the river water management, sand transfer calculation and warning water level formulation, flood plaining area demarcation, flood control construction planning and design and river management important reference data, and the cross-river construction, fixed bed workers safety investigation, river bed silt analysis, etc. must also be based on river water management, sand transfer calculation results analysis. In order to review the central pipe river warning water level and river management planning, river management needs, the establishment of this committee plan, for the turbid water stream water system (including mainstream and important tributaries) large section measurement work and 107, 108 years to implement. This year (108 years) is the second year of the plan. II. The plan covers a total of about 929 large section measurements of rivers and rivers in the tributaries of the turbid water stream system (including large section measurements of the upper and lower reaches of the bridge); The two sides of the Taiwan Straits refer to those who have both embankments or the wider governance plan lines as the benchmark, the river sections that have not been treated as governance plans are based on the river regional line, and the river sections that have not been managed and the river area is not handled, the existing river bank elevations are the benchmark, but if there are low-level river lands that include the river-level area, the river area is estimated at about 220 square kilometers. III. Results of the plan (I). 107 year seresults: The plan 107 years has completed on-site survey and work planning, triangular point satellite positioning testing, base pile survey and burial, section pile coordinate measurement, first-class horizontal point detection, cross-sectional pile elevation mapping, tributary flood control and cross-river structure survey, tributary aerial photography, mainstream orthophoto and numerical elevation model production, River cross-sectional map production (about 321 sections of the main stream of turbid water stream). (II). Results of the 108-year work： A. Orthographic production (each tributary) Completed the main tributary of the turbid stream:1/2,000 plots:1,298; Results such as annex 1. B. Digital Surface Model(DSM), Digital Elevation Model(DEM) production (each tributary) According to the 107-year tributary river section of the empty LiDAR laser scan test data results, the production plan range of each tributary river section of the Digital Surface Model(DSM), Digital Elevation Model(DEM), related production procedures, grid spacing, The frame, data format and data accuracy, etc., are the same as the results requirements of 107 years. C. River cross-sectional map production(each tributary) This year plans to complete a total of 608 sections of the tributaries of the turbid water stream, the number of results of each stream as table 8. D. River profile production(each tributary) According to the original governance planning review of the various sections of the river heart distance and the measured major section of the creek line elevation to draw the river profile map. Each tributary profile diagram is shown in Figure 35 to Figure 47. E. Flood Control Structure Survey(each tributary) (A). Flood Control Structure Survey Complete the existing flood control structure survey of each tributary within the scope of the plan, of which the existing flood control structures of each tributary are 47,691 meters on the left bank and 55,058 meters on the right bank (e.g. Table 9), and the distribution of flood control and cross-river structures of each tributary is detailed Annex 2. (B). Cross River Structure Survey Complete the existing cross-river tectonic survey (including gategates, waterfall, river barriers, bridges, sinks, etc.) of each tributary within the scope of the plan. A total of 53 (e.g. Table 10) were surveyed on the cross-river structures of each stream, and annex 2 was detailed in the distribution of flood control and cross-river structures in each tributary. F. River Water Management and Soil Sand Sand Structuring Analysis (Turbid Stream Tributary) (each tributary) (A). 1D Water Management Calculation Using the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Hydroengineering Center (Hydrologic Center, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers of The Engineers) The heC-RAS model of calculating the numerical pattern of the surface section line is developed. Among them, the hydrologic data and river roughness coefficient refer to the results of the hydrologic analysis of the governance planning (review) handled by the various units of the Water Resources Department of the Ministry of Economy over the years, and after selecting the boundary conditions, the calculation is analyzed by a mixture of super- and sub-critical flow conditions. The results of the water management calculus are as shown in annex 3. (B). Comparison of silting analysis of the main and tributary of the main and tributary of the turbid water stream This collection of the fourth river and river bureau to provide turbid water stream water system over the years each unit for the large section measurement data (including the results of this measurement), calculate the average river bed height of each section of each section in each year; Also draw the average river bed high break map (e.g. annex 4) and the analysis results of the average silting depth of each river section of the turbid water stream and tributary (Figure 65 to Figure 77) in each river section of the whole plan river section. (C). Case study of two-dimensional water-based sand transmission mode a. Two-dimensional water management sand transmission model planning: This plan by the four river bureau recommended the turbid water stream two-water railway bridge to the famous bamboo bridge between the river section (section 82-108) for two-dimensional water-based sand transfer silting simulation, numerical model to establish the proposed use of the National Computational Science and Engineering Center River Change Model (CCHE-2D model). The simulation is carried out according to the built river tunnel data and the parameters related to the simulation of water management and sand transmission, as well as the calculation boundary conditions and starting conditions. b. This section is located near the Second Water Railway Bridge to the Famous Bamboo Bridge, belongs to the lower section of the collection block river, the simulation range is about 1,200 meters wide, the total length of the river section is about 12,450 meters, the upstream flow calendar line is 10 years reproducing the peak flow, the downstream starting water level is 10 years reproducible period flow calendar ( The water level calendar after HEC-RAS water analysis) is the starting water level. Due to the river section is reduced and affected by the upstream set blocking river, the flow rate is fast and the soil sand source is reduced. According to the CCHE-2D simulation results (Figure 79), it shows that the river channels show the trend of flushing. Section 82 to 100 river section, due to the east Po Tongxi and Qingshui creek into the source, bring upstream soil sand sources, by Q10 and Q100 simulation results, the river shows the cross-strait swing and local silting situation, while Q2 because of the upstream sediment flow is less, showing the local erosion of the river. After checking the results of large-sectional measurements over the years, q10 and Q100 simulation results were consistent with the comparison results of 100-104 years, and Q2 simulation results were consistent with the comparison results of 104-107 years. The reason for this should be due to the absence of large hydrological events between 104 and 107 years. G. GIS Construction and Integration Results The results of this plan 107 and 108 have been remitted to the 3D Geographic Information System of Skyline, The Fourth River Bureau, to support the implementation of the Microsoft operating system, to provide a 3D environment for user interaction, and to quickly access spatial information data. And has fusion and real-time browsing a large number of images and vector data capabilities, its excellent streaming technology in the 3D real object display is quite smooth, can fly the surface landscape and watch detailed 3D models, to provide the fourth River Bureau colleagues follow-up measurement, planning and management. H. Education and Training The Program has been on The Third Floor Water Situation Center Conference Room of the Fourth River Bureau on November 5, 108, and provides each participant with a Skyline Operating Manual to familiarize the management and usage units with the functions provided by the system in order to facilitate the use of practical business. Keyword：Zhuoshui River、Digital Surface Model(DSM), Digital Elevation Model(DEM)、Soil Sand Sand Structuring Analysis、GIS Construction and Integration Results.