圖書典藏及影音數位平台

為了維護居民生命財產安全及發展經濟，多年來興設許水利構造物，無形中卻也影響河川環境生態。為降低工程的負面影響，水利署近幾年來努力尋找生物與環境間的關係，即是希望透過此一關係瞭解工程設置或相關管理措施對生物所造成的影響。過去曾嘗試辦理魚類適合度曲線的相關研究，以流速、水深及底床粒徑等工程人員孰悉的參數，透過調查、統計建立魚類適合度(喜好)的關係曲線，水利工程人員僅需透過水理模式即可瞭解工程設施對水理條件的影響進而推求魚類適合度的變化，相關曲線目前已有相當廣泛的應用。惟過去僅針對頭前溪、烏溪、楠梓仙溪等建置魚類適合度曲線，未能含括多數的臺灣原生魚類，且相同魚類在不同溪流亦有不同的曲線，因此本計畫將擴大辦理，並增加魚類生活史的探討，瞭解原生魚種生殖周期與對於自然棲地的選擇及偏好，以補充水理參數外的相關資訊，作為水利工程規劃及河川經營管理亟需的基本生物參數。除將相關成果建置資料庫以方便管理使用外，也將研擬魚類棲地適合度調查技術作業手冊，使調查方法與努力量標準化，讓後續的調查能有一定的品質要求與依據。

The purpose of this plan is to research the fish life history and to establish river native fish habitat suitability curves in different regions. Such as North, Central, South, and East of Taiwan, to provide a reference for water conservancy project planning and river management.The fish life history study project is divided into two parts. The first part is a comprehensive collection of life-history traits of all freshwater fish in Taiwan. A database of life-history traits of 37 species of fish has been established. The second part is the individual study. According to the selection principle of the research river such as investigation feasibility, long-term data availability, and authorized usage, the Beinan River was selected as the research river in the first year; the Houlong River is in the second year, the Daan River in the third year, and the Zeng-wun River in the fourth and fifth year respectively.The indicator fish of life history in each river was selected by the two-step procedure. First, set up a checklist of focused species. Second, use the Step-Wise-Decision-Marking framework (SWDM) refers to the life history trait database to decide appropriate target species. The first year indicator fish is Deep-body shovelnose minnow (Onychostoma alticorpus), and all 539 specimens were collected during March 2016 to March 2017; the third year indicator fish is Formosan river loach (Opsariichthys evolans), totally 539 specimens were collected during March 2016 to March 2017; the third year indicator fish is Formosan river loach (Hemimyzon formosanum), and all 432 specimens were collected during March 2017 to March 2018; the fourth year indicator fish is Deep-body gudgeon (Microphysogobio alticorpus) , and all 391 specimens were collected during December 2017 to December 2018; the fifth year indicator fish is Southern Taiwan sucker loach (Sinogastromyzon nantaiensis ), and all 437 specimens were collected during June 2018 to June 2019.All indicator fish were collected to measure the external morphology traits, including BL (body length), TL (total length), body weight, and the second sexual symbol such as nuptial tubercles and nuptial colorations. Then all the fish samples were soaked in 75% alcoholic solution and carried back to the laboratory to measure and analyze Condition Factor (CF), Gonadosomatic Index (GSI), and Hepatosomatic Index (HSI). Egg numbers and diameters of the mature female individuals were counted as well.The research result of the first year showed that from September to December might be the breeding periods of Deep-body shovelnose minnow in Beinan River. As the estimation of fecundity shows, the average egg number was 1,896 eggs/individuals and 1.82 mm in egg diameters (N=1). The research result of the second year showed that from March to April and August might be the primary and secondary breeding periods of Formosan pale chub in Houlong River. As the estimation of maturity length showed that 50% maturity length (ML50) is 4.9cm, and the least maturity length (ML0) of male and female Formosan pale chub is 5.8cm and 6.0cm respectively. And the estimation of fecundity shows that the average egg number was 936 eggs/individuals and 1.038 mm in egg diameters (N=11). The research result of the third year showed that from August to October and from February to April might be the primary and secondary breeding periods of the Formosan river loach in Daan River. As the estimation of maturity length showed that 50% maturity length (ML50) is 4.7cm, and the least maturity length (ML0) of male and female is 3.3cm and 4.2cm respectively, as the estimation of fecundity shows, the average egg number was 155 eggs/individuals and 1.654 mm in egg diameters (N=31). The research result of the fourth year showed that from January to February and after August might be two different breeding periods of gudgeon in Zeng-wunRiver. As the estimation of fecundity shows, the average egg number was 4,257 eggs/individuals and 0.427 mm in egg diameters (N=31). The research result of the fifth year showed that from June to September might be the breeding period of Southern Taiwan sucker loach in Zeng-wun River. As the estimation of fecundity shows, the average egg number was 2,454 eggs/individuals and 0.283 mm in egg diameters (N=13).We made collections and investigations of fish from 2015 to 2019. The Habitat suitability curve of thirteen fish species was established in four rivers. The occurrences and CPUE (Catch Per Unit Effort) of O. pachycephalus, O. alticorpus, R. gigas, R. candidianus, and A. paradoxus, for the establishment of water velocities, water depths , and river substrate HSC on Beinan River. The occurrences and CPUE of A. paradoxus, O. evolans, O. pachycephalus, T. brevianalis and R. candidianus or the establishment of water velocities, water depths, and river substrate HSC on Houlong River. The occurrences and CPUE of R. candidianus, A. paradoxus, H. formosanus, O. barbatulum, T. himantegus, R. rubromaculatus, O. pachycephalus, T. brevianalis and S. hollandi for the establishment of water velocities, water depths, and river substrate HSC on Da-an River. The occurrences and CPUE of R. candidianus, O. pachycephalus, A. paradoxus, O. alticorpus, H. formosanus, S. hollandi and M. alticorpus for the establishment of water velocities, water depths, and river substrate HSC on Zengwen River. Besides, the project is built on River Native Fish Habitat Suitability Curves and Establishment of Database. Users not only inquire about fish HSC application and life history but also calculate Metrics included in the Index of Biotic Integrity (IBI) and Weighted Usable Area (WUA) to simulate Water conservancy structure influence of the river. And a format-converting mechanism was designed and the corresponding functions were developed for importing the simulating results into the database. An example case in Da-an River was simulated using CCHE-2D and used to verify the feasibility.To establish an index of biotic integrity (IBI) for freshwater fish in Taiwan, we review 9 articles from“National Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations in Taiwan” (https://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw) and Airiti Inc (http://www.airitilibrary.com). A total of 101 Taiwan primary freshwater fish lists, which was sorted out from Taiwan fish data. And IBI property data sheets have been compiled, which could be referenced by water conservancy engineers during water conservancy planning and design.