圖書典藏及影音數位平台

近年受氣候變遷影響，極端降雨事件頻傳，往往造成重大洪災損失，為保障人民生命財產安全及減少洪災造成社會成本之損失，水利署積極推動科技防災，並推動智慧水管理。以流域整體治理新思維，規劃河川智慧化管理系統，是將過去整治方法為基礎，藉由鏈結氣象、水庫運轉、河川水位流量、閘門、抽水站、滯洪池等即時監控資訊，結合現有物聯網技術，從前端資料自動監控、中端資料傳輸及整合、後端資料分析乃至管理決策判斷等分項逐步建置，使未來河川水情及河防安全監控能自動化，提高河川整治效率，達到河川智慧化管理目標，建構高屏溪流域成為河川智慧管理之典範，除推動水利防災及水資源產業的發展與升級，並可藉由此一市場需求導向帶動國內相關產業技術整合與研發生產之發展。

Abstract The Seventh River Management Office (hereinafter referred to as RMO-7) takes a new approach to the overall management of a river basin, and plans to fully automate future hydrologic information processing and monitoring for river safety. In 2018 the Kaoping River basin was used as an example to establish the first phase of a smart river management system using the Internet of Things (IoT) as its backbone. The accomplished work in this phase is listed below: 1. Investigation and Analysis of Basic Information To get a comprehensive image of the hydrologic and hydraulic information technology infrastructure for the Kaoping River basin, this project investigated all available hydrologic observation instruments, hydraulic infrastructures, water resources management information and three dimensional numerical modelling tools of the river course topography from all related organizations and did necessary analysis work. 2. Planning and Construction for the Infrastructure of Hydrologic Observation and Hydraulic Sensor Instruments (1) Planning and Construction of Hydrologic Observation Instruments A. Rainfall Stations – methods for analyzing station density and spatial distribution are adopted, the results are as follows: To refine the early warning ability of precipitation and inundation areas, the Central Weather Bureau and Water Resources Agency established a C-band dual polarization Doppler weather radar in Linyuan Township, Kaohsiung County. The optimal observation radius is 70 kilometers, which can contain all inundation areas in basin area considered. Equipped with these radar observational data, the task of precipitation observation can be completely fulfilled. As a result, there is no necessity to construct new rainfall stations in the current stage. B. Water Level/Discharge Stations – The layout of Water Level/Discharge Stations in the planned area suggests building 5 more water level/discharge stations to aid the operation of the Flood Forecast System. It is recommended that water level/discharge stations are added to Gaoshu Bridge, Gaomei Bridge and Qinan Bridge with high priority, and to Ligang Bridge and Dazhou Bridge with low priority. C. Inland Flooding Sensor Instruments – Analysis of screening factors like inundation records, potential inundation area maps, the list of flood prevention hot spots and the distribution of population, 10 spots in Qishan District, Mino District, Kaohsuing County, Donggang Township, Qixiang Township, Hengchun Township and Pingtung County were sorted out as possible inland flooding sensor instrument sites. Further, those instruments have been installed. (2) Planning and Construction of Hydraulic Infrastructure Sensor Instruments A. Sluice Gates – At one designated sluice gate, which is located on the Qi-Nan Dike, the right bank of the Mino River, completed to be equipped with several sensors for monitoring opening degree and power of five doors. Besides, one CCTV station was built for monitoring the current state of the gate. B. Pumping Stations – Equipping project designated pumping stations Qiaotou Drainage Pumping Station No. 5 and Xizhou Drainage Pumping Station with respective power monitoring sensors was completed. C. Mobile Pumpers – Fifteen Mobile Pumpers in the Jiouru-detain area of cars and three near Shuguang Bridge, all designated by the project, were completely equipped with sensors for monitoring machine temperature, oil-level, operational status and pumping discharge. Additionally, the project interfaced a CCTV image of the location near Shuguang Bridge to the database cloud that belongs to the Internet of Things for Water Resources (hereinafter referred to as IoT-WR). D. Dikes – At ten river dike segments designated by the project, 60 wireless scouring tracers were completed to be installed in 32 holes nearby the dike’s toe. Ten base stations were built on the dike segments to detect whether tracers are scoured out from floodplain. The location of the 32 holes was chosen based on points determined from screening factors (like scouring records of the dike’s toe, historical maps on the movement of deep slots in the river, as well as site survey). 42 of 60 tracers are vertically buried (three tracers per hole placed at different depths), and 18 tracers are horizontally buried (one tracer per hole). (3) Planning and Construction of Water Resources Management Infrastructure Sensor Instruments The project completed to interface daily water withdrawal data from six locations to the IoT-WR: Jiaxian Weir, Yuantanzi-Agongdian Reservoir Transbasin Waterway, Kaopingxi Weir, Dashu Well, Huijie Well and Shoujinliao Well. 3. Planning the Communication Network Architecture for Kaopingxi Smart River According to the environmental conditions of the Kaoping River and the existing communication basis of RMO-7, suitable LPWAN communication methods were evaluated. The overall plan of communication network in the project should ensure good internet quality connected to IoT-WR under the typhoon, raining season, lack of sunlight and no public electricity situation. In the meantime, the communication network adopted the best cost-effectiveness plan with the optimal communication charge, suitable data transmission volume. 4. The Plan of Kaopingxi Smart River management system The data transmission of inland flooding sensor instruments, mobile pumpers and pumping stations utilized NB-IoT(Narrow Band-IoT) using 4G as a dual-channel backup mechanism. NB-IoT is one of the LPWAN(Low-Power Wide-Area Network) communication methods, with features such as wide coverage, good extensibility, low power consumption and perfect security mechanisms. However, the communication for sluice gate utilized 4G due to the transmitting of real-time image. The data transmission for sensors from dikes utilized 4G and LoRa(Long Range), which is designated by the project in order to use a closed monitoring communication network. LoRa has advantages of low power consumption, good penetration and short delay. Above this, this project has established regular uploading of all sensor monitoring data to the Fundamental Cloud Operating Platform of IoT-WR. 5. Planning and Construction of the Kaopingxi Smart River Management System Based on the existing system, the Flood and Inundation Forecast System of 7th River Management Office, the project fully utilized the resources and services provided by the Fundamental Cloud Operating Platform of IoT-WR. Hence, several application webpages were developed by utilizing Responsive Web Design (RWD) tools with the APIs of IoT-WR. These webpages include the display of data from automatic real-time monitoring sensors, the two-dimensional early flood warning model, the smart decision interface for the demand of mobile pumpers and the estimation of flood damage losses, as well as the intelligent decision support interface for engineering rescue (repair) resource dispatching in case of damages at Kaoping River’s dikes. 6. Education and Training Course and Other Matters In this project, one-day education and training was carried out on May first at RMO-7. The course included the introduction and operation of the IoT-WR, data query and data alarm settings, as well as basic maintenance and troubleshooting of sensor instruments. In addition, to strengthen the application of the IoT-WR, the project delivered 53 person-times, which totally cost 364 man-hours, participated in several related meetings, including work conferences, IoT workshops, coordination meetings, IoT special lectures and the training course of IoT-WR.