圖書典藏及影音數位平台

近年受到氣候變遷的影響，水資源穩定供應的挑戰更劇，水資源保育的工作愈顯重要。惟在水資源保育上，常需限制人民之權利，產生管理衝突與困擾，因此，如何在水資源保育及人民權利維護上取得平衡，係水質水量保護區(以下簡稱保護區)管理上之重要課題。 保護區係依自來水法第11條規定管理，且保護區範圍內亦有水源保育與回饋之機制。惟因保護區範圍廣大，受到相關單位管理人力有限、水資源環境變遷等影響，既有法令管理方式有待檢討，且歷年在水源保育與回饋之使用上屢生爭議，亦宜有妥適之因應對策。 保護區之管理，除政府機關之努力外，民眾對於在地環境之認同與關心，亦為重要之因素。以近期本署積極推動保護區範圍巡查作業為例，如能運用當地居民對於在地環境之認同感與責任感組成志工隊進行巡查，往往能大幅增加巡查效率並降低政府人力負擔。因此，保護區之管理，如能以環境信託之方式，結合在地或相關有志於環境保育團體之能量，應能更強化民眾對於環境及保育工作之認同，並有助於保護區之管理效率。 近年國內已有相關環境信託之案例，例如宜蘭縣雙連埤溼地運動、台中市新社區生態溼地園區、新竹縣自然股環境園區等等，惟皆因受限於經費來源、整合不足及欠缺法令依據等因素不易推動，或推動成效有限，且相關運作經驗與保護區之需求不同。因此，對於保護區納入環境信託機制之必要性或可行性為何？環境信託內容及如何與自來水法接軌？所需經費如何與籌措？既有水源保育與回饋費運作應如何調整？相關法令應如何配合修正或訂定等，皆須探討，亦為本研究重點。為能釐清相關問題及環境信託之可行性，特成立本計畫，並將以位於台北水源特定區都市計畫範圍之新店溪青潭水質水量保護區為分析案例。

This project was to understand the feasibility of environmental trust in water source conservation areas. The environmental trust cases in Taiwan and around the world were surveyed and analyzed. The existing water source conservation strategies were discussed as well. In this project, a new environmental trust execution model was established, aiming to apply in the existing water source conservation areas. We tested this new model on Xindian creek Qingtan water source conservation area and provided suggestions for future implementation. The major conclusions of this project were listed as below: The major difference of environmental trust in Taiwan and in other countries is the related legislations and budgets. Financial supports from governments were founded in international experiences and a specific environmental trust fund was built. However, there are no financial supports from governments to build the fund in Taiwan. The structure of environmental trust of water source conservation areas is included a client, a trustee, a supervisor, and the identified trust methods. The client is the holder of private lands in water source conservation areas. The trustee is the non-profit groups, which is capable of implementing the identified trust methods. The supervisor is either the third party or one of the fund management committee. The identified trust methods are tree plantation, organic agriculture, land energizing, ecological conservation, environmental education, soil management, and the others benefit to water conservations. One important component in the structure is the environmental trust fund management committee, which is to supervise and review the operation of the fund. There are three possible sources of the environmental fund. One is from the water source conservation fee with certain conditions, such as the areas where additional fee might be added in the future or the areas has residuals every year. The second is for long term policy, which is to amend the current law to remain a certain percentage budget on environmental trust fund. The third is to embrace public donations and profits from project operations in addition to water source conservation fee. For the possible executions of Xindian creek Qingtan water source conservation area, the productive agricultural lands are not considered. Three possible modes are: (1) to buy the private lands close to waterbodies; (2) to trust private agricultural lands to lessen nonpoint source pollution; and (3) to trust private forest to build outdoor activity places as environmental education sites.