圖書典藏及影音數位平台

臺灣地狹人稠且工商發達，都市人口規模龐大，然位處環太平洋地震帶，尤其台灣遍佈四十多條活動斷層，許多盆地與平原地區為容易發生土壤液化的沖積、回填區域，而自來水設備，包括取水、貯水、導水、淨水、送水、及配水等設備，其相關設備經管線串連建構一整體自來水系統，亦為重要維生系統管線之一，因此，強震後若能藉由地震早期損失評估的技術，第一時間提供自來水管線及設施損壞與損失的推估結果，藉以掌握各類管線與重要設施可能的損壞數量及分布情形，必有助於自來水主管機關與事業單位，在震後正確、快速地評估災情，並採取適切、有效的應變作為。 本署自民國99年迄今，持續推動有關自來水管線耐震分析、提升公共給水震損評估、自來水管材耐震測試環境規劃及震後緊急應變措施等科專計畫，目前已研發「自來水管線系統地震早期損失評估模組」，將宜蘭縣、基隆市、台北市、新北市、雲林縣、嘉義縣市、台南市、高雄市及屏東縣等地區等納入評估範圍，並建置該地區自來水管線系統地震災損模擬資料庫，本（103）年度除延續102年度工作成果外，仍將擴大評估範圍至少三縣市，另就公共給水系統自來水管線及各種重要設施(例如取水口、送水管、儲水池、水管橋、橋梁附掛管線、加壓泵等)相關GIS圖資彙整與校正，配合蒐集國內外既有設施的耐震性相關文獻，進行各類設施之結構耐震分類，初步研擬其耐震參數構想，提供未來完成可行震損評估模式，藉以提升震損評估之精度；另目前國內有關自來水管線與設備的相關耐震設計規範都不及建築物的耐震設計規範完善與周延，因此將探討地震災害潛勢因子及危害度分析，據以完成相關之地震災害潛勢圖，作為提升自來水管線接頭強度及變形能力之耐震設計需求之依據。 此外，本計畫期於震後極短時間內藉由中央氣象局所提供之地震震源參數等條件，於震後第一時間自動啟動震災早期評估，完成自來水管線損壞與損失分布推估，並進一步整合及建立自動通報技術，以手機簡訊(或其他行動通訊裝置之APP應用服務)及電子郵件方式，傳送產製地震災害潛勢、自來水管線與設施可能損壞及曝險分布等各種圖資資訊，提供自來水事業單位及主管機關之震災應變作業，並可應用於自來水系統的震災境況模擬、地震減災規劃與應變兵棋推演參考之用。

The disruption of water supply following earthquakes may cause serious impact to the daily lives of people in affected areas. Secondary hazards and socio-economic losses may also be induced by the reduction in water system serviceability. Emergency operation of water utilities may be enhanced if informative and in time estimates of the damages and losses in water systems is available. In addition, good practices in water pipe design need adequately specified seismic demand. Seismic design of buried water pipes should take into account the effects of both ground shaking and failure. As a result, a two-year research project “A Study on Early Seismic Loss Estimation of Public Water Supply Systems” has been proposed. It aims at achieving the following goals: (1) extended services of early seismic loss estimation (ESLE) to water authorities and utilities in Taiwan; (2) development of ESLE messaging through web service and mobile device APP; (3) specification of seismic demand for buries water pipes. In this second year, the database of water pipes of the Third, Fourth and Eleventh Branches of Taiwan Water Corporation (TWC) have been collected and calibrated. The database of essential facilities of Eighth Branch of TWC including distribution reservoirs, pump stations and water pipe bridges have also been established. The service of ESLE messaging (via cell phone message as well as e-mail) of estimates of damage in water pipes and exposure of water facilities to various seismic intensities has been provided. In addition, ESLE cloud service via web service and mobile device APP has been successfully established. Regarding the ESLE web service, the emerging Web-GIS technologies have been employed. The key features of the website include query of statistics and damage estimates of water pipe, query of distribution and seismic exposure of water facilities, and demonstration of various thematic maps of seismic hazards, water pipe damages and facility exposure, and various other GIS database. Regarding APP messaging, the exchange of information between server and mobile devices has been realized, and information of earthquake events around Taiwan and associated water system damage/exposure could be listed and displayed by using Android applications and Google Map service. Finally, regarding seismic design of buried water pipes, the seismic hazard specified by the seismic design codes for buildings has been diverted for the use of pipe behavior analysis. A comprehensive procedure of the seismic calculation and verification for water ductile iron pipes (DIPs) under ground shaking and soil liquefaction has been summarized. The minimum requirements for DIPs, in terms of their extension/contraction performance and slip-out resistance, have been proposed to confront various difficult site conditions.