
技術文件
編號(GPN/EBN):10103E0002
石門水庫放淤對下游河道變遷影響分析(內附光碟) Evaluation of Morphological Effects in Downstream River due to Sediment Venting and Replenishment from the Shihmen Reservoir
定價:NT$900
中文摘要
一、 前言
石門水庫為北部地區最重要水庫之一,原設計並無水力防淤專用設施,經經濟部水利署北區水資源局更新改善既有設施及未來石門水庫防淤隧道工程完成後,將增加水庫排砂功能,加上以抽泥泵浦將淤積於水庫區之淤泥抽取後暫置於水庫後池,俟颱風期水庫洩洪時,淤泥藉由洪水自然回歸河道後入海,可減緩水庫淤積量並提升水庫防淤功能。
為瞭解及掌握石門水庫電廠一期改善工程完成後及暫置於水庫後池淤泥,經洩洪沖淤自然回歸河道後,對水庫下游河道變遷,仍需進行河相變遷調查分析,以掌握淤泥回歸河道後的影響。爰此,北水局提出本計畫,將進行河道河口地形測量、河道河口地形變遷分析、淤積河段底泥分析、淡水河河道輸泥能力之數值模擬分析,分析水庫放淤成效及對河道變遷影響。
二、 相關資料收集彙整與分析
本計畫內容藉由基本資料蒐集,及購置洩洪前後衛星影響,進行洩洪前後包括淡000斷面、淡006斷面、淡014斷面、淡030斷面、淡033斷面、淡036斷面、淡046斷面、淡049斷面、淡053斷面及淡086斷面等10處河道大斷面及河口3公里範圍13處斷面地形測量,洩洪前後包括淡000斷面、淡014斷面、淡033斷面、淡049斷面及淡053斷面等5處河道淤泥採樣及篩分析檢測試驗,再依據衛星影像及地形測量成果,分析河道及河口變遷。並評估4種一維模式包含CCHE1D、SRH1D、HEC-RAS及NETSTARTS及4種二維數值模式包含CCHE2D、SRH2D、NTU-SFM2D及RESED2D,經由檢定驗證後優選出一維模式NETSTARTS及二維模式SRH2D,作為建置及模擬淡水河河段之淤泥回歸河道之數值模式,分析放淤沖刷成效及對河道沖淤變遷結果。俾藉由各項調查及分析結果,提出建議因應對策,提供後續增設防淤隧道工程設計、施工之參考依據。
三、 石門水庫防洪排淤短期對下游河道之影響評估
本計畫由汛期前及蘇力颱風過後之現地調查可知,蘇力颱風後,河口斷面006至009的深槽有比較明顯的淤積,尤其是河口斷面008深槽淤積達1m左右;而由蘇力颱風期間及之後分別於鳶山堰及高灘地進行泥砂採樣分析,發現其粒徑頗為接近,D50約為10μm,顯示102年度水庫排砂以細顆粒為主,泥砂排往下游後,因粒徑小而不易於短時間內落淤於河道(流速較高),若洪水漫淹,則比較有機會落淤在高灘地(流速較低),因此對於排砂後下游高灘地(包括濕地)的環境維護及生態衝擊有進一步分析探討的必要。
四、 石門水庫防洪排淤長期對下游河道之影響評估
根據長期變化模擬成果,上游段後池堰至大溪橋河段為坡度較陡的裸露岩床,故其淤積情況較下游坡度較緩處輕微,且無沖蝕趨勢;大部分的河段皆為淤積,比較明顯的沖刷段為鳶山堰下游斷面。淤積較嚴重處為二重疏洪道入口上游斷面T033處;而氣候變遷情境之模擬結果顯示,因石門水庫排砂比增加,河道上游邊界之入砂量增加,下游河道之淤積程度亦加劇;後池堰至三峽河匯流口上游河段坡度較陡,不易產生淤積;三峽河匯流口下游至二重疏洪道出口處(基隆河匯流口上遊)坡度趨緩,淤積趨勢明顯,而二重疏洪道出口處到河口段,除了關渡橋上游有輕微沖蝕外,其餘則是偏向淤積趨勢。
五、 河防安全影響評估
短期變化模擬成果顯示全河段無出水高不足的情況;長期變化模擬成果顯示關渡橋(T10A)至其下游約2公里河段(T008),則是有出水高不足及溢堤的可能;氣候變遷情境分析之洪水位,在鳶山堰有溢堤的可能,關渡橋(T10A)至其下游約2公里河段(T008),則是有出水高不足及溢堤的可能。因此,石門水庫進行洩洪時,必須配合鳶山堰閘門操作,洪峰到達前即須降低鳶山堰蓄水區水位,以避免產生溢堤情況。
六、 石門水庫放淤操作之影響說明及因應對策
根據沖淤數值模式水位模擬結果可知,模擬區域內之水位均未高於兩岸堤防,因此未產生溢淹;此外由流場模擬結果可知在斷面53號下游右岸及斷面46號下游左岸之高灘地有沖刷現象,且部分位置大於2m,因此堤防基腳需加以保護避免沖刷;但由於石門水庫排砂補充大量砂源及放淤32萬方之砂源提供,河道高灘地多呈現淤積現象,而大漢溪每年皆會進行大斷面量測,因此可隨時監測此區域之斷面變化情形,若淤積超過2m以上,可於洩洪作業退水段或下次颱風來臨前之調節性放水期間適時開啟排洪隧道進行河道主深槽沖刷作業;未來阿姆坪防淤隧道啟用後,也可藉由阿姆坪防淤隧道將泥砂排放至下游,減緩第86號斷面以上於颱風過後之短暫淤積情形。
英文摘要
Shihmen Reservoir is one of the most important reservoirs in northern Taiwan. The original design had no sediment flushing facilities. After the update of existing facilities and the construction of sediment-prevent bypass tunnel by the Northern Region Water Resource Office Water Resource Agency Ministry of Economic Affairs, the reservoir will have the ability of sediment flushing. The sediment deposited in the reservoir could be pump out, and temporarily stored in the after bay. When the reservoir releases the flood discharge, the deposited sediment in reservoir would return to the river channel through the flood water. By preventing the sedimentation in the reservoir, the application of water resource could be more flexible.
In order to realize the mobility of the river channel downstream the reservoir due to the sediment that was temporarily stored in the after bay returning to the river through flood water and the impact of the Shihmen Power station improving construction, the investigation and analyzing of the mobility of river channel is necessary. The Northern Region Water Resource Office proposed this project, and the topographic survey of the river channel and the river mouth, the analysis of topography mobility and the sediment of deposited river channel, the numerical simulation of sediment transport ability and the analysis of the effect of sediment flushing of Shihmen reservoir will be done.
Through collecting the elementary information and using the satellite photos of the river before and after flood, and the examination of river sediment, the mobility of river channel will be analyze. Eight numerical models including 1D and 2D models have been estimated to find out the most fitted model of Tamsui River. Through field survey and numerical analysis results, the solution about the construction of sediment-prevent bypass tunnel could be offered.
Keywords: Shihmen Reservoir, hydraulic and sediment simulation model
- 作者 /台灣大學
- 出版項 /桃園縣:經濟部水利署北區水資源局 ,103.03
- 版本項 /初版
- 分類號 /443.6405
點選次數:207
館藏資訊
暫存書單 | 登錄號 | 館藏地 | 年代號 | 狀態 | 借閱到期日 | 分館 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AC010488 | 圖書室B1(中辦) | 201403 | 在館 | 水利署總館 | ||
BC031997 | 圖書室B1(北辦) | 201403 | 在館 | 水利署總館 | ||
EC003497 | 北水局圖書室 | 201403 | 在館 | 北區水資源分署 | ||
FC031039 | 本所圖書室(本所B棟地下1樓圖書室) | 201403 | 在館 | 水利規劃分署 | ||
FC031040 | 本所圖書室(本所B棟地下1樓圖書室) | 201403 | 在館 | 水利規劃分署 | ||
KC001114 | 圖書室 | 201403 | 在館 | 臺北水源特定區管理分署 | ||
MC002383 | 圖書舘 | 201403 | 在館 | 南區水資源分署 | ||
TC006878 | 中水局經管課 | 201403 | 在館 | 中區水資源分署 |
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我要預借
石門水庫放淤對下游河道變遷影響分析(內附光碟) Evaluation of Morphological Effects in Downstream River due to Sediment Venting and Replenishment from the Shihmen Reservoir
AC010488
保留日期至2025-04-28
石門水庫放淤對下游河道變遷影響分析(內附光碟) Evaluation of Morphological Effects in Downstream River due to Sediment Venting and Replenishment from the Shihmen Reservoir
BC031997
保留日期至2025-04-28
石門水庫放淤對下游河道變遷影響分析(內附光碟) Evaluation of Morphological Effects in Downstream River due to Sediment Venting and Replenishment from the Shihmen Reservoir
EC003497
保留日期至2025-04-28
石門水庫放淤對下游河道變遷影響分析(內附光碟) Evaluation of Morphological Effects in Downstream River due to Sediment Venting and Replenishment from the Shihmen Reservoir
FC031039
保留日期至2025-04-28
石門水庫放淤對下游河道變遷影響分析(內附光碟) Evaluation of Morphological Effects in Downstream River due to Sediment Venting and Replenishment from the Shihmen Reservoir
FC031040
保留日期至2025-04-28
石門水庫放淤對下游河道變遷影響分析(內附光碟) Evaluation of Morphological Effects in Downstream River due to Sediment Venting and Replenishment from the Shihmen Reservoir
KC001114
保留日期至2025-04-28
石門水庫放淤對下游河道變遷影響分析(內附光碟) Evaluation of Morphological Effects in Downstream River due to Sediment Venting and Replenishment from the Shihmen Reservoir
MC002383
保留日期至2025-04-28
石門水庫放淤對下游河道變遷影響分析(內附光碟) Evaluation of Morphological Effects in Downstream River due to Sediment Venting and Replenishment from the Shihmen Reservoir
TC006878
保留日期至2025-04-28
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