圖書典藏及影音數位平台

台灣近年水資源供需問題日漸嚴峻，開發水庫或地下水不易，但各類用水不斷增加，供需之間日漸失衡。加上降雨異常頻率增加，雨季時降雨強度增加，旱季時不降雨天數拉長，增加水資源調度作業的困難。以石門水庫為例，其蓄水量約為2.34億立方公尺，但年出水量約達9億立方公尺，亦即每年需空庫重滿四次，所依賴者為1～2月的春雨、5月的梅雨、7月的雷雨及8～11月的颱風雨，若其中某幾次的降雨失常，即有供水短缺的危險，以水資源供應觀點而言，台灣地區水資源供水的可靠度較低。 實施人造雨改造降雨環境、增加降雨量，除作為緊急因應乾旱之防救措施外，亦是提高水源供應可靠度的方法；加上近年乾旱頻常，民眾在每次旱象消息公佈後，亦會促請政府實施人造雨作業以增加降雨。 目前本署可用之地面造雨器數量已增加至三十二部，配合已有之碘化銀溶液鋼瓶，已在石門及翡翠水庫集水區增設多處地面造雨站，但地面造雨作業並非偶一為之即有成果，以國外實例，人工增雨必須長期運作，在適當的氣象條件下實施始見成效。 由於碘化銀造雨較適合於冷雲時使用，倘天候條件為暖雲時，則必須使用氯化鈣等造雨劑，始得發揮人工增雨之效果。因此確有開發研究氯化鈣造雨劑之必要，以利在不同天候條件下，均能造雨增加降雨機率。

To develop the ability and technology with respect to rainfall enhancement and then apply to domestic cloud seeding operation, this project was conducted to improve cloud seeding model and techniques with air-platform, plan the application of semi-air-platform, develop local-produced seeding flares, and propose physical and chemical methods to evaluate the effect of cloud seeding. The simulation result from regional weather WRF model with detail microphysics showed that, due to can add the cold cloud seeding process, with parallel computing can offer the simulation results before in reality. As for the task of developing warm-cloud seeding flares, the recipe, including chemical and mixture proportion, as well as the material source was identified. Ion composition analysis shows that the domestic flare that we made has similar compositions as the imported ICE flare, and is a potentially more efficient cloud seeding agent. Therefore, our domestic flares can used to replace the ICE flares. The airplane “ASTRA” of Aerospace Industrial Development Corporation was redesigned for carrying and burning the warm-cloud seeding flares, successful. And the remote control device for burning the warm-cloud seeding flares also can be use in the future. A set of three methods are designed for qualitative evaluation of seeding effect: The chemical verification by analyzing chemical composition in the rainwater, including the analysis of seeding material, and the food-dye that we added in the water spray of C-130H seeding. For physical verification with the polarimetric radar echo; verification using rainfall time series and spatial distribution, as the effect of ground flare seeding should emerge about 40 to 100 minutes after the release of seeding agent; As for a more quantitative evaluation, we will need to rely on randomized seeding design and statistical analysis, which will take a few years to accumulate enough date sample. All these evaluation methods should be used in cloud seeding operation the future.