圖書典藏及影音數位平台

面對極端氣候的挑戰，防救災之思維與策略均需有所調整，社會大眾對於水災損失減低均企盼於政府各項治水措施之推動與執行，然部份工程或手段必須長期推動方能逐漸發揮成效，又因極端水文事件使得工程設施防禦效果降低，防救災工作不能全然仰賴政府負責，而必須納入民間力量共同推動。行政院於民國89年成立災害防救委員會，並於90年制定「災害防救基本計畫」，明定各級政府機關在「民眾防災教育訓練及宣導」的相關權責，主要工作範疇涵括「防災意識之提升」、「防災知識之推廣」、「防災訓練之實施」及「企業防災之推動」等項目。為建立民眾防救災意識，降低災害損失並提升政府防救工作效能，本署依據災害防救法第二條、第二十二條及經濟部淹水災害通報要點，於98年度執行「98年水災防災基層即時通報體系建置計畫」，完成民間防汛志工的招募培訓以及「民眾與防汛志工水情通報平台」之建置， 99年持續透過「99年水災防災基層即時通報計畫」項下工作，促使防汛志工於平時及颱風豪雨期間發揮服務效能，協助各相關機關強化災害應變作業以減低損失。民間防汛志工組成不易，為健全災害防救體系之重要突破，本年度擬成立3年計畫，持續維繫志工熱情及後續養成教育，並擴充通報平台之功能，逐年強化民間防汛救災之力量，以面對未來不可預期之大規模災害。

Taiwan’s geographical location and land terrain made the island susceptible to three or more types of natural disasters at a high occurrence rate of 73.1%, thus putting Taiwan on the top of world high-risk nations for these disasters. Pursuant to past occurrence rates and disaster statistics, the most common type of natural disasters affecting the lives of people in Taiwan is the high rainfall counts brought by torrential rains falling during the annual high water period, typhoons, and the southwesterly currents following the wake of typhoons. In the recent years, climatic changes induced by global warming have brought a multitude of extremely destructive hydrological problems; moreover, it have become quite impossible to accurately predict climatic changes and hydrological conditions, as evidenced in the record high climatic records and disaster data obtained during onslaught of Typhoon Morakot of 2009 and Typhoons Fanapi and Megi in 2010. It is apparent that flood control and rescue work could no longer be patterned from past practices and principles. Assessments and actions should be made based on recent experiences and require complete and greater resources and participation to ensure aggressive preventive action and mitigation of disaster losses. As Pres. Ma has emphatically stated in many important disaster control meetings held, strategic planning and action implementation of flood control work should be based on the principle that “disaster averting actions should come before disaster control actions, and disaster control actions should come before disaster rescue work”. Moreover, the government should conduct policy planning and infrastructure construction through a broad spectrum evaluation of the problems. Furthermore, local residents need to establish responsible disaster prevention awareness, thus stirring popular cooperation with various disaster mitigation and action efforts of the government from the grass-root level, thus enabling a realistic application of aggressive disaster prevention work and immediate implementation of disaster rescue work. In an effort to integrate private sector resources and to assist in the government’s joint campaign for the implementation of hydrological disaster prevention work, the Water Resources Agency, pursuant to Articles 2 and 22 of the Disaster Prevention and Protection Act and the Flood Disaster Reporting Guidelines of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, instituted the training of civilian volunteer workers of the various River Management Bureaus, and in 2010, established the Flood Control Volunteer Service Team of the Water Resources Agency, MOEA. Upon its establishment, nearly a thousand citizens registered into its volunteer rosters. Following the organization of the volunteer service teams, the Water Resources Agency planned the necessary supervision and guideline measures and provided assistance to the operations of the teams to enable the teams to realize their service potentials to strengthen their flood control and rescue operations. The program continues past practices and results and takes into account all related aspects in the planning of related establishment or promotion works; that is, including assisting in the management of the organizational operations of all corps, enhancement of the volunteer workers’ skills, strengthening of the flood disaster information gathering and reporting system, bonding of volunteer workers’ solidarity and sentiments, experience sharing of volunteer workers. Implementation period of the program is from July 1, 2011 to June 30, 2012. Through the implementation of the program this year, we were able to set the foundation for the operations and organizational management of the volunteer workers’ team. Compilation of important data and establishment of the databank (dispatching of volunteer workers, flood-prone villages, information window of the disaster control and rescue units of the respective agencies, etc.) had been completed. In the future, in coordination with the changes in the organizational structure or environmental conditions, related requirements may be instantaneously and simultaneously updated and analyzed. Furthermore, the program also organizes activities beneficial to the sustained development of the flood control volunteer service teams and organizations; e.g., training and education of volunteer team leaders and processing personnel, evaluation of strategic promotion seminars, commendation ceremonies for volunteer workers, printing of promotional materials. We recommend the continuation of these activities in the future, as we hope to promote this program for enhancement of the professional knowledge and proficiency, service dedication, and sense of identification of volunteer workers and the improvement of their service performances. Thus, they may assist the government in constructing a sounder disaster control network that will enable the government to adequately cope with future unpredictable large-scale disasters and safeguard the lives and properties of the people.