圖書典藏及影音數位平台

本案延續以往多年連續性計畫，持續維護與檢討改善石門水庫泥砂濃度觀測站，包括8處人工測站取樣設備檢修與維護，13處自動化測站之設備維護與感測器清潔與率定等。另外，本案依實際作業需求擴充與維護觀測資料展示及查詢系統，以利即時掌握全洪程水庫泥砂運移情形。本案採用時域反射儀(TDR)泥砂濃度自動化觀測儀器(感測器)，其觀測原理係根據電磁波在不同介質下，有不同傳遞速度之特性，藉以推估含砂濃度，目前量測精度約為1,000 ppm，對於中高濃度能有效掌握，適用於本案水庫泥砂運移與異重流觀測。然而颱風期間仍需進行全洪程人工觀測，以確切掌握入庫與出庫泥砂濃度，提供自動化觀測儀器的校正與驗證參考，並可以收集樣本進行後續的粒徑分析。人工泥砂觀測作業係利用取樣及比重瓶進行濃度試驗，並將試驗結果以表格方式紀錄並利用網路上傳至資料庫，提供即時查詢與後續資料彙整。有關異重流運移情形可透過入庫邊界測站(羅浮)及4座庫區浮台測站上至少6組不同深度之TDR感測器，判斷異重流是否形成、異重流分佈高程及厚度，並推估異重流抵達時間。本案持續蒐集長期泥砂濃度觀測資料，112年度完成一場颱洪事件全洪程泥砂觀測作業－海葵(Haikui)颱風事件(9/2~9/4)，累積不同颱洪事件全洪程觀測資料，進行泥砂運移規律分析及研擬異重流預警方法分析，並藉由嚴謹之觀測資料品管程序，提升觀測資料之信心水準。本計畫觀測數據可提供給顧問公司或學術研究機關，應用在水庫防淤策略規劃、水庫防淤操作模擬研究、泥砂運移水理分析、異重流模式建立等不同面向之研究，提供相關研究與石門水庫防洪防淤操作之參據，並期望成為其他水庫解決泥砂問題之參考指標。

This project is extended from previous multi-year project, performing routine maintenance and improvement review on the monitoring stations of suspended sediment concentration in the Shihmen reservoir. These include the maintenance of manual sampling instruments at 8 stations, along with the station maintenance and sensing probe calibration at 13 automated monitoring stations. On the other hand, this project also expanded and maintained the observation data display and querying system, according to the actual needs of the sluicing operation, in order to better facilitate the scenario presentation of the sediment transportation during the full flood events in a real-time manner.This project adopted a time-domain reflectometry (TDR) based automated suspended sediment concentration (SSC) monitoring instrument (sensing probe), in which its observation principle is based on the different propagation velocity of the electromagnetic wave in different transmission mediums, and an innovative analysis method is used for SSC estimation. The current measurement accuracy is around 1000 ppm, where the mid-high SSC range can be effectively measured and deemed suitable for the implementation in the observation of sediment transportation and the occurrence of density current in the reservoir. Nevertheless, manual sampling-based observation is still performed during typhoon events, in order to accurately determine the inflow and outflow SSC amounts and serve as the basis to the calibration and validation of the automated observation instruments. Water samples were also collected for subsequent particle size distribution analysis. The manual SSC observation process sampled the water samples from various outlets and pycnometer tests were performed to measure the current SSC. Testing results were tabulated and uploaded to the online database, in order to facilitate real-time querying and subsequent data consolidation. The density current transport condition can be visualized through the inflow boundary station at Luofu and four SSC floating platforms with at least 6 TDR sensing probes each. These integrated monitoring data can assist in determining whether the density current has formed and, if so, its distribution height and thickness and also its arrival time at each cross section.This project continues to collect long-term observation data of the SSC throughout the full flood observation in various flood events. In 2023, a complete observation of sediment movement throughout the entire course of a typhoon-induced flood event - the Haikui typhoon event (9/2~9/4) - was conducted. Accumulating data from various typhoon-induced flood events, an analysis of sediment transport patterns was carried out. This included devising methods for analyzing heavy flow warnings. Through a rigorous data quality control process, confidence levels in the observed data were enhanced. The observational data from this project can be provided to consulting firms or academic research institutions for various studies. These include applications in strategies for reservoir sedimentation prevention, simulation studies for reservoir sedimentation prevention operations, hydraulic analysis of sediment transport, establishment of heavy flow models, and other relevant aspects. The aim is to offer a reference for related research and flood prevention operations at the Shimen Reservoir, and to become a benchmark for addressing sedimentation issues in other reservoirs.