圖書典藏及影音數位平台

台灣位處環太平洋地震帶，中、大規模地震平均十數年發生一次。九二一地震造成台灣中部地區嚴重災情，除了地形地貌大幅改變、大量建築物受損之外，公共給水管線及設施也受損嚴重，造成災區居民的生活極度不便，受災城鎮的都市機能顯著下降。該次地震的經驗和災情調查資料，可作為未來整備和應變的參考。 本署自民國99年迄今，持續推動有關公共給水(自來水)系統之地震損失評估、震後緊急應變、管材耐震性能測試與標準程序、管材耐震設計需求研擬，以及自來水設施易損性曲線參數研擬等研究項目。其中，研發成果「自來水系統地震早期損失評估系統」，目前已可提供全國性的自來水管線地震早期損失評估之通報服務，於強震後立即提供管線災損推估結果，落實應用於公共給水系統之緊急應變作業。 本計畫，加強收集九二一地震中部災區自來水災損與復原資料，研擬缺水率、停水戶數推估模式，並進行一示範區重要想定地震事件之情境模擬分析。為進一步強化自來水系統之震災風險管理工作，亟須發展自來水系統受震害衝擊的損害暨損失的推估程序，以期日後有助於各級政府與事業單位作好地震減災應變之施政作為。

Disruption of water supply following earthquakes may cause severe inconvenience to the daily lives of people in the disastrous areas. Medical care, sanitation, and firefighting may be seriously affected, too. As a result, water utilities and authorities urgently need the technology to simulate the damage in water systems and the likely water outage in earthquake scenarios. Countermeasures could be taken accordingly to enhance the preparedness or emergency response in an appropriate and timely manner. In study, such technology has been developed for predicting the damage and outage of water systems under major earthquakes. The damage models in water pipelines and facilities have been proposed and integrated into the simulation. The outage is in terms of the reduction in daily water supply and the number of households without water. The technology has been verified by the observations from the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake and the 2016 Meinong earthquake, respectively. It is then applied to central Taiwan to estimate the consequences of maximum probable earthquake events associated with both the Tuntzuchiao fault and the Tachia-Changhua fault system, respectively. Moreover, due to the fact of global climate change, extreme weathers have affected the water resources worldwide gradually and substantially. The legal bases of and a revision to the regulation of public water supply in urgent situations has been examined and proposed.