圖書典藏及影音數位平台

台灣地區年雨量不少，但受地形及季節性之影響，可用水量並不豐沛，近年來由於蓄水設施建設遇到瓶頸，及各項用水之激增，水資源已有不足之現象，再加上全球氣候變遷之影響，使得形勢更加嚴峻，因此有必要謀求節約用水之政策訂定；其中經濟學以價制量之理論，是以經濟機制來達到降低用水量之方法之一，然究竟應如何對水資源予以定價並評估，以使得達到降低用水量外，既不會影響產業發展，亦會促進產業升級，是一項重要之關鍵。因此擬以本計畫建立節水政策與水資源定價策略間之模型，以提供政策擬定之參考。

Although annual average rainfall in Taiwan is rich, available water usage is not plentiful due to precipitous terrain and seasonal variation. In recent years, because of barriers to construct reservoir facilities, intense increases of water consumption and effects of global climate changes, the crisis of water shortage has become more serious. Therefore, innovative water conservation policy and promotion strategies are necessary. Among all water conservation strategies, economical tools are widespread options adopted by lots of countries. However, there are numerous policy tools and factors that affect the price of water resources. Although economical field of water resources has never been lacking in related research, a systematic water price system has not been established yet. It leads to the lack of integration and harmony when setting prices. Secondly, the previous researches about exploring the way of setting prices and assessment mode of water conservation benefits still have a lot to be improved, no matter via methodological or empirical process. Hence, re-examining and developing price-setting mechanism that mediates theory and practice are necessary. While drafting water resources policy, effective grasp of the direct and indirect impact of policies is an indispensable information in making decision. However, evaluating water-saving benefits with the indicator of “decrease of water consumption” will not only neglect the importance of clarifying the source, level, propellant of water conservation benefits and other impact factors, but also omit customers’ welfare and effects on economic system. In order to evaluate water-saving benefits and influences of water-saving strategies from industry and national level simultaneously, an adequate evaluation method is essential. Therefore, first of all this research collects and analyzes international water-saving policies, strategies and substitute measures, including their evaluation methods and impacts on industry, economic and people’s livelihood simultaneously. According to the methodologies and results of these researches, the assessment model and domestic price-setting strategy of water resources will be established. Second, the active domestic price-setting related substitute measures of water resources will be compared with international practice in order to propose domestic problems from the view of policies, laws and analyzing methods. Additionally, the purpose of evaluation, strategy options and the definition of water-saving benefits need to be clarify; then our price-setting model, water-saving benefits evaluated model and industry impact assessment model will be established accordingly, and CGE (computable general equilibrium) is the main tool which can satisfy those analyzing purposes. After that, various kinds of water-saving strategies will be considered domestically (such as water fees, water taxes, water rights fees, water pollution fees and so on) and designed scenarios to execute the influences on industry and national water savings, industrial output value, and impacts of overall economic and social welfare. Finally, the research will propose domestic water-saving strategies and substitute measures based on conclusions of previous works.