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本計畫目的為綜合整理國內外經濟效益分析方法，並研擬適用於本署水利工程經濟效益分析之工具。根據過去水利署過去與美國陸軍工兵團之交流活動中，了解該單位經濟效益分析已有完整之分析流程，分析結果不僅可提供決策者於規劃階段權衡最佳方案，計畫成果效益分析亦可做為民眾溝通之參考，其效益分析作法，可供水利署進行各項計畫效益分析時參考學習。 考量我國國家發展委員會在資源有限情況下，發揮公共建設之預算效益，編訂「公共建設計畫經濟效益評估及財務計畫作業手冊」；此外水利署亦曾就水利工程經濟效益分析進行研擬，惟各類做法尚缺乏整合及應用。本計畫擬參考美國陸軍工兵團經濟效益分析方法，並通盤考量其他分析方法，研擬適用於水利署水利工程經濟效益分析之工具，使未來各大計畫進行效益分析有所依循。

1、Preface This study aims to develop an engineer-operable manual for economic benefit analysis (EBA) on the hydraulic engineering projects of Water Resources Agency through investigating the studies carried out both by US Army Corp Engineers (USACE) and Water Resources Agency (WRA). USACE has a long history of implementing EBA for flood defense and other projects. Based on the analysis, the decision makers can trade off and select one from the candidate alternatives. The outcome of the EBA of projects can be also used for communication between the public and the officials. Cost and benefit analysis currently in Taiwan are demanded, based on the laws and regulations, to carry out; however, no reference manual can be referred when doing economic benefit analysis for a project. This study aims to develop a manual, based on those developed by USACE, that takes into account the economic theory and engineering practices for decision making and public communication, and can be easily operated by engineers. The study contains three major parts, including: (1) comparing the existing practices by the USACE and Taiwan with literature reviews and workshop discussions; (2) proposing a EBA procedure and tested with case studies; and (3) developing a draft manual that can be easily operated by engineers. The focus of the manual in this year is flood defense engineering projects. Through the manual, we expect the manual can be easily operated by the engineers and help them do a standardized EBA for the related projects. 2、Practices in USACE and Taiwan's institutes Key infrastructure engineering projects are demanded by the Article 34 of Taiwan’s Budgeting Laws to employ the cost and benefit analysis and identify the funding sources. Hydraulic engineering projects like other infrastructure engineering projects, using the funding from the government, are also demanded to employ cost and benefit analysis before making decisions. Four cost and benefit analysis methods are commonly employed by the US Army Corps Engineers (USACE), including national economic development (NED), regional economic development (RED), environmental quality (EQ), and other social effects (OSE). The four methods are mutually correlated and independent at some extent based on different evaluation concepts. In which, both NED and RED are quantitative approaches. Generally, the concepts of NED in the US and Taiwan are similar. In NED, both US and Taiwan focus on operability and integrity. Direct and tangible benefits are, thus, mostly considered in the economic benefit analysis implemented in the US. However, the engineers in Taiwan lack of the background of economic analysis. Meanwhile, there is no manual for the hydraulic engineer to work on the EBA. The indirect and intangible benefits are thus mostly accounted as an extra 20% to the direct and tangible benefits. Thus, a reference manual may provide a solid basis for the engineers to work on the EBA of engineering projects. 3、Economic benefits analysis The program investigates the economic benefits, project costs and assessment methods of water resources projects. Economic costs are mainly composed of actual resource inputs or impairments. However, in practice, because financial costs are relatively easy to obtain, economic costs are usually converted from financial costs. According to the foreign cost-effectiveness studies collected, the united states army corps of engineers(USACE) or the united states bureau of reclamation mainly follows the P&G and ER 1105-2-100 regulations to evaluate the economic feasibility of the project. The economic benefit analysis project is mainly based on tangible benefits, which can be measured by monetary measurement. However, in recent years, intangible benefits such as leisure recreation and habitat ecological environment have become more and more important, and most of them use contingent valuation method to estimate the value. 4、Case studies The program refers to the project funding of the "Tianhua Lake Reservoir Feasibility Planning Review Report" (2011) and converts its cost with a social discount rate of 1.2575%, totaling 18.85 billion NTD. We evaluates the water supply efficiency based on Taiwan’s regional demand curve and the willingness to pay of water. The total project benefit of Tianhua Lake Reservoir is 25.3 billion NTD, and the cost-benefit ratio is 1.34. 5、Manual for flood loss estimation and water resources projects Based on the comparisons of the EBA employed in USACE and Taiwan’s institutes, literature reviews, and case studies, we have taken into account the characteristics of hydraulic engineering projects and proposed an operable procedure for engineering to employ the EBA for water resources projects. A draft manual has been developed for the engineers, managers and stakeholders to operate and understand the concepts of EBA. The manual includes the following contents: (1) Scope and Purpose; (2) Procedure of Economy Analysis; (3) Cost of Water Engineering Projects; (4) Benefit Analysis on Flood Loss; (5) Benefit Analysis on Water Resources Projects and (6) Case Studies.