圖書典藏及影音數位平台

本局所轄北港溪、朴子溪、八掌溪及急水溪流域幅原面積遼闊，易淹水面積廣大，目前以派員現場調查或於災後運用洪痕及訪談等為主要淹水資訊取得方式，調查時效緩慢且精準度不佳。防汛救災資源如抽水機、防汛塊等之調度往往因欠缺數據分析而無法做最佳的安排。另外，淹水原因判斷的細緻度不足，亦使得決策者無法做出最正確的判斷。可見淹水資訊取得方式的落後常常造成人民生命財產的巨大的損失，近年來，物聯網（Internet of Things,簡稱IoT）技術與應用日益成熟，感測器技術朝著整合性、智慧化、低成本、標準化等方向發展，運用該技術獲取相關資訊，並加以運用於淹水應變之各項分析，將可增進防汛作業效率與精度，遂提出本計畫。 本計畫以災前提前預佈、災中減少災損及災後研擬復建及改善措施為原則，運用物聯網技術取得即時淹水資料，配合相關資料的蒐集及更新進行應變資訊分析，進而獲得淹水範圍、更新淹水模式、淹水潛勢預警及研擬應變措施、淹水事件原因分析並研擬改善措施以及製作相關簡報範本，最後將成果以應用程式、資料庫伺服器以及展示平台呈現並提供防汛夥伴介接。經由本計畫建置之系統可建立轄區所需內水監測資料、自動化警示與通報作業，整合展示並提供決策研擬方案、提供淹水範圍與水文分析基礎、快速掌握淹水範圍及災損狀況、並可發展轄區結合氣象預報資訊運算淹水範圍研判與預佈作業等預期效果。

1. Investigation and Analysis of Basic Information To get a comprehensive image of hydrology and hydraulic infrastructure layout in planned area, this project investigate all Hydrology Observation Instruments, Hydraulic Infrastructures, Water Resources management information from all related organizations and did necessary analysis work. In addition, the arrangement of depth-area relationship of water ruler, governance engineering of major drainage systems, the relationship of inundation area and related precipitation records, and the preparatory arrangement layout of mobile pumping stations are also sorting out in a systematic way. 2. The plan and construction work of Hydrology Observation and Hydraulic Infrastructure Sensor Instrument (1)The Plan of Hydrology Observation Sensor Instrument A. Rainfall Station - the analysis method of station density and layout area are adopted, the analysis results are as followed. (a)Station Density – Except of two rainfall stations in downstream area, all other stations’ controlling area in plain area are under 100 Kilometers and all stations’ controlling area in mountain area are under 50 Kilometers. Most stations’ controlling area are below recommendation criteria. (b)Layout area – Among all administrative districts in planned area, all villages area are at least have one representative rainfall station except of Mailiao Township. All inundation areas and windward surrounding areas are also have one rainfall station. By the way, to refine the early warning ability of precipitation and inundation areas, Central Weather Bureau and Water Resources Agency plan to construct a C-band dual polarization Doppler weather radar in Foil area of Sihu Township, Yunlin County. The observation radius is 70 Kilometers, which can contain all inundation areas in planned area. With the assistance of this radar observation data, the network of precipitation observation would be fully completed. To sum up above analysis results, there is not any necessary to add more rainfall station in current stage. B.Water Level/Discharge Station - The layout of Water Level/Discharge Stations in planned area is now adequate for the working process of Flood Forecast System and Pre-Waring of all Inundation areas in planned area accord to some Water Level literatures. However, there were flooding records in Xizhou, Yixing, Triangle dikes and there is no any Water Level/Discharge Station along those dikes, the recommendation of the construction of Water Level Station in Ba Chang II bridge is therefore proposed. C.Tide Level Station – Owing to The layout of Tide Level Stations in planned area is evenly distributed along the estuaries of jurisdiction river systems and Water-Level Stations all also set up in downstream of above river systems. There is not any necessary to add more Tide Level Station in current stage. D.Flooding Sensor Instrument – With the use of Inundation area map and administrative district boundary, 333 hot spots are sorting out for the possible Flooding Sensor Instrument construction site. Following the screening factors like Inundation records, Inundation area map, flood prevention hot spot list and population distribution, the stage of priority order is also listed as 131 hot spots in I stage, 118 hot spots in II stage and 84 hot spots in III stage. (2)The Plan of Hydraulic Infrastructure Sensor Instrument A.Dike-The 241 A-Class Dikes are as the possible sorting target to set up the Sensor Instrument. Following the screening factors like Inundation records, Inundation area map, flood prevention hot spot list and population distribution, 70 A-Class Dikes are sorting out to set up the Sensor Instrument with the the stage of priority order is also listed as 24 dikes in I stage, 23 dikes in II stage and 23 dikes in III stage. B.Pumping Station-The Jurisdiction Pumping Station-Dapu Pumping Station, is now equipped with the Water-Level Station, Engine Operation Sensor, Oil Quantity Monitoring Sensor, Gate Opening Instrument, Power Monitoring Sensor and CCTV image Equipment. Above data is now immediately and synchronized transferred to the monitoring system in the Fifth River Bureau Office. There is not any necessary to set up any sensor instrument in Dapu Pumping Station. C.Detention Pool-All the fourteen Detention Pools in the planned area are categorized to off-side detention type and all under jurisdiction of local county government. Above Detention Pools are not equipped with any sensor equipment or monitoring system that auto transfer mechanism is now unavailable. Therefore, Water-Level Station in the inlet/outlet and Gate Opening Instrument is proposed for the governed organization. D.Mobile Pumping Station-All the a hundred and eleven sets of Mobile Pumping Station are proposed to equip with GPS apparatus and engine signal instrument. With above equipments, the precise position of all the Mobile Pumping Stations can be controlled effectively and dispatch mechanism can bring into play efficiently during the flooding event. E.Dike- Based on the dike safety monitoring angle, the sensor can be preferentially set according to the dike with high vulnerability or fault zone location within the planned area. Described as follows: (a)Automatic riverbed scouring device：Automatic riverbed scouring devices(pore water pressure, inclinometer and scouring particles) are proposed to set in seven high lands of embankments according to the breakwater records in the past (b)Instant Earthquake Warning-Instant Earthquake Warning Devices(Inclinometer) are proposed to set in two dikes near Meishan fault zone in Beigang river basin. (3)The Plan of Water Resources Management Information-The water resources management information sources include reservoirs, dams, water intake points, etc. The interface mode of the current Water Resources Management Information can be obtained through the administrative coordination. If there are any deficiencies, further sensor equipment setting plan can exert based on the planning requirements (4)Sensor Equipment Construction A.Pavement Flooding Sensor-The Pavement Flooding Sensors are set up in twenty locations according to the previously selected rank list. The sensor devices include a solar panel, a recording transmitter, and a water level gauge. In addition, the sensing method except of Baihe Chunhui Bridge is radar wave sensing method due to its height difference, the remaining nineteen locations are all ultrasonic sensing method. B.Hydraulic Structure Sensor (a)Gate Sensor Equipment-The Gate Sensor Equipment is set up in Drainage exit gate of Dongtan Township, Chiayi County according to the previously rank list. The sensor devices include an opening gauge and an internal and external water level gauge, and a CCTV is installed for monitoring the site condition. (b)Dike Sensor Equipment-The Dike Sensor Equipment is set up on the left bank of the Puzi Stream, just downstream of the Zhuqi Bridge where the Jiuyikeng fault just pass by. 3. Communication Network Plan- After assessing the environmental conditions and communication basis in the planned area. The communication network plans are proposed to use LoRa with 4G and NB-IoT with 4G solution. The data transmission volume and monthly rental fee are also evaluated to achieve the best economic benefit. 4. Sensor Device Communication Plan A.Pavement Flooding Sensor-The communication module uses the NBIoT module and can be converted into 4G mobile communication by replacing the built-in wireless communication module. B.Gate Sensor Equipment-Due to the lack of wired network infrastructure. The communication module uses 4G network。 C.Dike Sensor Equipment-Communication module adopts NB-IoT module and is equipped with 4G wireless communication backup. 5. River Management Platform-Through the integration of heterogeneous data. Several research, integration, planning and development work were completed, including the analysis of the two-dimensional flood warning model, the enhancement of the flood prevention system and the construction of the flood prevention decision support plan, which are described as follows. A.Hydrology and Geography Information Interface and Integration- The project has already applied for an account that all the sensor information can be found on the “Water Resources Internet of Things” data display website, including Pavement Flooding Sensor, Water Gate Monitoring, Pumping Station Monitoring, Mobile Pump Monitoring and Levee monitoring. B.Analysis of Two-Dimensional Flood Warning Model-The project originally plans to use the “FEWS_Taiwan” platform and integrate the existing one-dimensional flood warning system to calculate two-dimensional flooding areas. However, since the two-dimensional flooding model(SOBEK) construction work has not been completed, this project adopts another “NeSIM” Two-dimensional Flooding model instead of SOBEK model to estimate flooding range and flooding information. The “NeSIM” two-dimensional flooding model is based on the project and starts the calculation of the flooding model. The calculation results can store the flooding situation in the database and table format. The grid data can be also stored and displayed in the administrative areas format. C.Flood prevention and flood control system- The plan for the flood prevention of the project focuses on the integration of different flood prevention warning information. In addition to the planning sensor automatic monitoring display interface, Responsive Web Design is equipped with two-dimensional maps and real-time monitoring calendars, and Palman Village is selected as a demonstration area. Through the sensor monitoring information in the real time, the smart decision of the mobile pumping station demand and the planning of the external water dike prevention and dispatching model are also carried out. The Smart River Display Interface includes functions such as automatic monitoring display, flood warning response, smart flood prevention decision support and water information production module. (a)Automatic monitoring display interface：The project currently integrates the sensor data into the operating platform and presents it in a thematic and focused web-based interactive interface. However, the Water Resources Department has not yet completed the unified sensor display platform, and the project planned another display system which can show the sensor position and sensing type. (b)Mobile Pumping Station Smart Decision：The mobile pumping intelligent decision system that has been planned for this project can estimate the flooding range, volume change and scheduling scheme, and also dispatch the scheduling requirements and horizontal support capabilities. In addition, the system not only displays the number of mobile pumping stations or the calculation result of pumping time, but also shows the flooding area and volume change at each moment, and presents the effect of dispatching mobile pumping station to improve flooding. In addition, the system can be linked to estimate flooding loss amount. (c)Emergency Dispatching Decision Support of breakwater event-According to the database of stock storage area, type and quantity around the project area, the project plans the intelligent decision-making of the rescue energy, and provides the existing stock types and quantities for the stock preparation sites around the disaster sites, and integrates different schemes as decision-making reference. The system display interface can display the location of the dike disaster and automatically display the anti-smashing stock yard and the existing stock quantity within 5 km. This system can greatly improve flood prevention personnel to obtain schedulable information quickly under urgent conditions.