圖書典藏及影音數位平台

本計畫針對石門水庫集水區內15個雨量站及5個水位站設置之位置及分布情形進行整體檢討，並考量各水文站內新舊設施並存之情形，依據現地條件、歷史資料品質以及傳輸設備穩定度等相關條件進行研究調查，對集水區水文站進行通盤性之評估，並提出改善建議，期望能進一步提升石門水庫運轉業務之穩定性。 各水文站經現地勘查後，除重新修正座標外，雨量站方面，發現嘎拉賀及鎮西堡2個雨量站之站房基礎結構略有受損但暫無安全之虞，各站無線傳輸系統略優於自記收集器，均相當穩定，達元雨量筒優於亞太雨量筒；水位站方面，高義水位站位處河道凹岸處水理條件不佳，各站非接觸式水位計之穩定性優於壓力式水位計。 雨量站分佈來看，若以現有石門、霞雲、高義、巴陵、玉峰、池端、嘎拉賀、鎮西堡、西丘斯山、白石等10個遙報雨量站以克利金法分別以長延時與短延時進行空間推估模擬復興、長興、三光、鞍部、秀巒等5個雨量站，發現其推估值與實際值差異頗大，顯示此5個站仍有存在之必要。而白石溪上游之克利金變異數大，若不考慮交通因素，建議於此處增設一雨量站。再者，無論以算術平均法或徐昇氏法計算平均雨量，整體而言差異不大，實際應用上仍以算術平均法較為快速簡便。惟西丘斯山雨量站經常因交通受阻而無法前往維護及蒐錄資料，建議可遷至東北5.3公里交通相對便利之170林道上廢棄之棲南監工站，部分受建築物或樹林遮蔽嚴重之雨量站(如石門、復興及池端)，亦可將其雨量筒移置鄰近建築物頂樓或寬敞地點，以維持雨量觀測資料之品質。 水位站分佈來看，建議於爺亨新設一簡易水位站，以提供颱洪時期於降雨逕流演算時之參考，或做為洪水預警使用；各水位站之集水井仍有淤塞問題，建議汛期時增加清淤次數，以維持水位觀測品質。而高義水位站及稜角水位站缺乏兩岸聯絡道路(橋梁)，建議能儘速完成相關吊橋修復，或建置自動化流量觀測設備，以恢復測洪作業。

The project implemented a comprehensive evaluation for the location of 15 rainfall stations and five water stations in the Shimen Reservoir. Considering the situation of coexistence of old and new facilities in the stations, and according to the current conditions, historical data quality, and transmission equipment stability and other related conditions, the project assess the overall conditions of the stations, and make recommendations for improvement, expecting further enhance the stability of the Shimen Reservoir operation. After surveying all stations, in addition to re-correction station coordinates, we have found the Chen-shi-bao rainfall station and the Gelahe station slightly damaged at the Housing Infrastructure but no security risk, each station wireless transmission system slightly better than the self-recording collector, all are fairly stable. The Dayuan rain meter is better than the Asia-Pacific one. For the flow stations, the Kaoyi station had poor physical condition at the concave bank of the river, and the stability of the non-contact water gauge is better than the pressure type water gauge. In view of the rainfall station distribution, from the existing Shimen, Shiayun, Gaoyi, Baling, Yufeng, Chiduan, Gelahe, Chenshibao, Shichiushi Hill, Baishi, total 10 remote reporting stations, the Kriging method was used to evaluate the long and short terms spatial rainfall distribution for Changxing, Sankuan, Anbu, Shiuluan. We had found considerable differences in the simulation value and actual value, indicating the necessarity of the five stations. There were significant Kriging variation at the upstream of Baishixi, if without considering transportation factors, it is suggested introducing a rainfall stations in this place. Furthermore, regardless of the arithmetic average method or Thissen method to calculate the average rainfall, the overall difference is insignificant, so that the practical application is still relatively fast and simple to use arithmetic average. The Shichushi mountain rainfall station is often unable to visit due to traffic problems. It is suggested that the station be moved to the Chinan station on the 170 forest trail for easier access and the partially obscured rainfall stations by buildings or trees (such as Shimen, Fushin and Chiduan), the rain barrel can be relocated to adjacent buildings or spacious attic locations to maintain the quality of the rainfall measurements. For the flow station, it is recommended to set up a simple flow stations at Yehen to provide hydrological calculation during typhoon. There still exist the blockage problems in water well, it is suggested to increase the number of dredging during flood season. The Gaoyi water level station and Linjiao station are lack of cross river road (bridge), it is suggested to repair the suspension bridge in short period, or establish automatic flow meter or equipment for flood measurement operations.