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基於水資源之永續利用及考量原有各水權人權益，同時兼顧河川生態環境，水權量之核發除自需求面考量，依據水利法第17條規定應以其「事業所必需者」為限外，於供給面方面，亦須依據水利法第21條規定根據水文測驗結果，考量區域內水源之水量水源在一定時期內之通常保持之水量，仍足以供給申請人事業所必需者始能核給地面水水權。原水利法施行細則(58年8月5日修正頒布)第67條水源「通常保持之水量」規定為「逐年平均量」，93年水利法施行細則修正後，該施行細則第15條第2項將地面水「通常保持之水量」修正為「流量超越機率百分之八十五之水量」。另水權登記審查作業要點第4點明訂水權水量核准之各項條件，即主管機關審核水權之引用水量時，應參酌引水地點之各月水文狀況、其上、下游已核准水權水量、環保基流量及事業所需用水量覈實核給。 為落實上開水利法規定，並建立科學化之供給面水量審核參考基準，本署（前經濟部水資源局）於85至87年委辦「台灣地區各水系水源任一斷面潛能水量分析」計畫，以降雨—逕流模式建構各流量站河川流量之超越機率分布，並以克利金區域統計分析方法推估未設水文站位置之流量超越機率分布。本署於93年參酌前述計畫成果，建置完成網路版「地面水潛能水量計算系統」，據以參考核發水權。 現有之「地面水潛能水量計算系統」建置時之時空背景為水利法施行細則尚未修正時，故其水源「通常保持之水量」仍以「逐年平均量」為準，為符合93年水利法施行細則修正後之規定，本署於98年辦理「地面水潛能水量計算模式改善與系統更新改善規劃之研究」計畫，進行水文資料更新，同時將水源「通常保持之水量」更新為「流量超越機率百分之八十五之水量」，此外，亦同時檢討現有「地面水潛能水量計算系統」之其他問題並提出改善建議。 由於本署現有之「地面水潛能水量計算系統」受限於當時相關資料庫與地理資訊系統資訊技術等限制，尚有流量站觀測資料受到上游人為取水之影響造成紀錄值偏低問題及上、下游已核准水權水量檢核採用簡化方法問題。此外，其所採用之克利金區域統計分析方法由於未與其他推估方法比較，亦無法確立該方法之適切性。囿於前述問題，參考現有系統計算結果進行供給面之水源水量審核時，將有所限制。爰此，本署於99至100年委辦「地面水可用水量與水權管理技術檢討改善研究」計畫，以大安溪為示範案例，採動態資料庫進行流量站紀錄值之還原與校正工作，同時建置完成一包含水庫蓄水、水力發電及越域引水等引水狀況之上、下游已核准水權水量檢核功能之地理資訊系統（GIS作業）平台。在前述計畫中，就未設水文站位置之流量推估方法，亦具體與迴歸分析模式與物理模式（TOPMODEL）進行比較評估。 前述計畫業已完成大安溪「地面水可用水量計算資訊雛形系統」之開發與測試工作，惟全台河川依據經濟部98年4月8日公告有中央管河川24水系、跨省市河川2水系及縣（市）管河川92水系，為完整建置全台河川之「地面水可用水量計算資訊系統」，以利於同一時間上線，作為水權核辦人員於地面水水權核發上供給面之共同參酌依據，本計畫將完成前述118條水系之「全台各河川水系地,面水可用水量計算資訊系統」建置，並考量經費、人力與迫切性等因素，於前2年完成複雜度較高之中央管河川及跨省市河川26水系之系統上線，再於第3年則完成縣（市）管河川之系統上線工作，藉以健全水權科學化管理技術，提昇水權核辦實務。

The Surface-Water Availability Calculation System, based on ESRI’s ArcGIS, assesses the amount of available water that would be in a river or stream under a specified set of conditions. Its purpose is to enhance the efficiency of evaluation of applications for water rights permits by the permit review staff. This system integrates the hydraulic flow and water rights permits database components into one system with relationships among various features. Through this system users can find information on the probability of excessive hydraulic flow in a river or stream and also retrieve the upstream and downstream water rights, as well as other functions. Before evaluating flow characteristics at ungauged sites, this report divided catchments into 7 homogeneous regions, which are the Tamsui River region, the Lanyan region, the Hualian-Taidung region, the Daan River to Dajia River region, the Fengshan River to Houlong River region, the Wu River to Jishui River region, and the southern Zengwen River region, by using principal component analysis (PCA) with cluster analysis. A total of 666 records from long-period recording rain gauges and data from 194 flow meters were used. We estimate flow at ungauged sites using Kriging technique for hydraulic flow data in 26 river basins of Taiwan. This report is examining the probability of excessive of hydraulic flow, Q50%~Q98%, in those river basins. In addition, we then compared the predicted results of Ta-an river basin to results inferred from the TOPMODEL. The results of the Kriging technique appears to be generally compatible with the result of the TOPMODEL. We find that the main factor affecting prediction results in the Kriging method is raw data quality. The major part of this report was establishing a method for streaming and coding of stream network data to show variable stream and surface-water withdrawal locations by a simplified topological diagram to specify the relationship among control points for estimating surface-water availability for use in water resource management. The stream reaches are defined by a threshold area value and key control points. The upstream contributing area and downstream influence area can be obtained by tracking the reach of each stream which is established using a relation table of polylines and nodes. Five district parts make up the framework of this report. There were: Sifting Data from the Hydrologic Network Archive and Delimitation of the Homogeneous Regions and Physiographic of Catchment, Streaming and Coding of Stream Networks for the Estimation of Surface-Water Availability, The Probability of Excessive Hydraulic Flow Estimates at Ungauged Sites, Feature of Research the Status of Recent Water Rights Permit of Upstream and Downstream of River or Stream, and The Surface-Water Availability Calculation System.