圖書典藏及影音數位平台

自來水漏水來源有二，其一為自來水配水管網漏水，其屬自來水事業應改善範疇，嗣經多年來之研發，已初步掌握其漏水原因及改善對策，然而為降低配水管網漏水，投資大量經費在逾齡及老舊自來水配水管線汰換工作上，不僅耗財且費時，且對道路交通衝擊的社會成本更是不可計量。 對於另一自來水漏水來源－自來水用戶用水設備漏水，則因受限於該設備係屬私權範疇，其漏水改善工作涉及工程、管理、法規及政策等層面，以往對本部份之研究甚少。 本計畫擬透過自來水配水管延壽分析、自來水用戶用水設備漏水原因檢討，透析自來水產業鏈關係，引進相關技術，以育成符合國內自來水用水特性之配水管延壽技術及漏水改善技術，爰提本委託服務計畫。

The composition of a complete water supply system consists of water intake, water conduction, water purification, water distribution facilities, and user equipments. Among these facilities, the user equipment is regarded as private asset which the user is responsible for the management and maintenance expense. However, domestic surveys and researches on user water facility leakage are insufficient. Thus, this project aims to review and analysis the present user water equipment leakage through water utilities data aggregation, hydropower contractor and community questionnaire and user water equipment leakage case collection. According to the information gathered, over 90% of the water leakage repair case is the supply main leakage by Taipei Water Department (TWD) and over 60% by Taiwan Water Corporation (TWC). Since the pipeline materials used were economic pipe such as PVCP pipe and has been using for a long time. The main reason of causing water leakage is the load vibration with 61.47% in TWD’s data and for TWC, cracking pipe has the highest rate of 80.35%. The questionnaire result indicates that the household water supply inner tube leakage is mainly caused by improper installation (44.7%). The outer tube leakage is mainly due to earthquake, heavy loading, water pressure and aging. For most public institutes and schools, the aging of both inner and outer tubes are the major reason to water leakage. The community visit result presents that 85% of the visited community has leakage problem. In which, 49% of the community resident declared that the leaking is severe. Especially in community 7 surveyed, the leakage has reached 594 m3 everyday. 62% of the leakage spots are found in pipeline and the connector of. It is because of the rusting material and aging. In addition, heavy vehicle loading and improper water pressure control also lead to pipeline cracking. For leakage improvement industry research, this project interviewed the core company of water leakage management and control. Issues such as technology, scale and future trend were discussed. With the interview result, a medium to long-term water leakage industry improvement promotion strategy were developed in considering three dimensions including policy, technology and human resources. Water supply main is accounted for 70% of the whole water supply facility asset. The leakage rate in Taiwan is higher than other developed countries. Hence, projects related to water leakage improvement were drafted and pushed to lower the leakage rate. However, the pipeline replacement work is costly and will increase financial burden to water utilities. In this decade, some developed countries introduced water supply facility life prolong program to ensure water supply mains’ sustainable function as well as to relief financial pressure to water utilities. The water distribution pipe materials applied in Taiwan are mainly PVCP and DIP. Similar to Japan and USA, the water supply mains are also old and operate under limited maintenance budget. Therefore, some measures such as establishing water supply mains’ database to manage the asset as well as develop the method and procedure to extend pipeline usage are developing. This study introduced foreign water supply mains life prolong strategies and discussed integrated with local research results on sewer system pipeline life prolong. A comprehensive scheme were drafted including inspection, testing and analysis, functional and service evaluation, life prolong technology and economic feasibility study analysis to serve as a referential material for future regulation and strategy development. The most common method for water supply pipeline life prolong in Taiwan is Cured-in-Place Pipe Lining (70%). Other methods such as Close-Fit-Lining, Shot-Crete-Lining and Slip-Lining are also used. The most suitable water supply mains life prolong method should be selected in considered with elements include direct, indirect, social, transportation, risk, construction environment and limitations. Through interviews and questionnaires to the local leakage management industry, problems such as agent and authorization restriction, small market scale, unclear strategy and limited budget are facing. A short, medium and long term strategy on water supply mains life prolong were established base on personnel training, stage policy development, pipeline database establishment, expedient engineering and material specification. It is suggested that domestic characteristics and limitations should be taking into account when making suture criterion and regulation to water supply mains life prolong to ensure the economic benefit. For better outcome, a seminar entitled “International conference of Management and Maintenance Techniques in Public Water Supply Network” were held on 26 to 27 September 2012. Experts from all over the world participated in the event to share experience, technologies and prospection. Several exhibition booths were also set up for publics to have better understanding on leakage management, water supply mains life prolong, water meters and other relevant technologies.