圖書典藏及影音數位平台

自來水為民生必需品，自來水事業有其責任提供質優量足之自來水供民眾使用。然台灣地區水資源分佈豐枯懸殊，加上各河川川短流急，不利水資源之攔蓄，水資源條件嚴苛；政府有鑑於此，不斷宣導國人要「節約用水」珍惜水資源，已漸有成效。惟水價長期偏低，未能與時俱進合理反映水資源經濟價值，已逐漸侵蝕自來水事業經營體質，如財務、成本等，對提昇自來水品質，長期而言是一隱憂。而藉由水價結構檢討，促使民眾更珍惜水資源，提升水資源效能，亦是政府所面對的嚴肅課題。 為使自來水事業能隨時代及科技之演進而進步，提供民生量足質優之用水，厚實國家經濟發展之基礎，爰透過合理水價策略的檢討，健全自來水事業之營運，確保水資源之永續利用。同時，亦契合立法院審查99年度國營事業預算與天然氣事業法草案時，要求自來水及天然瓦斯基本費收費制度比照電費之計價機制。準此，藉由本計畫，適時檢討水價結構、基本費收費制與水價合理調整等重大議題，俾國人凝聚共識，研擬具體可行方案作為政府決策參考。 綜上，本計畫要旨，參酌世界其他國家在追求自來水事業永續經營過程中，其水價調整歷程、演進與經驗，水價訂價策略中所考量項目，如成本、用戶公平、使用效率、水資源的有效利用及永續經營等，作為國內水價結構與計價方式檢討之基礎。 另為使水價政策貼近民意，本計畫之另一工作重點為於政策規劃過程中，納入各相關單位、民間團體及民眾等意見，俾建構永續水價決策評估模式，模擬目前環境下可能之水價決策演化結果，研提適合國內自來水事業永續發展之水價策略，俾利國內各自來水事業展現高績效之經營新風貌，爰辦理本計畫。

Public water supply is a perquisite of modern economic development and sustaining the services requires investment and maintenance of crucial infrastructures. Financing of public water supply could come from a combination of government subsidies and water service fees levied on the users. Deciding on a pricing structure and level would require through considerations of multiple factors, because on one hand it affects the public water sector’s ability to sustain its operations, on the other it determines the affordability of the basic services to all. This project aims to review the strengths and weaknesses of the current pricing structure and level, for which information pertaining to policy preferences and arguments of different stakeholders are compiled and assessed with the hope of building public consensus. This project has compiled case studies of water pricing strategies practiced by five major cities within separate countries, including Tokyo (Japan), Sydney and the New South Wales area (Australia), Singapore, Beijing (China), and London (United Kingdom). Information and data gathered not only include pricing levels and structures, but principles behind pricing determinations, the institutional process which prices are set and adjusted, as well as any supplementary government policies to assist the poor in gaining access to basic services. In addition to the water sector, this project also investigates the pricing policies for other public utilities, such as electricity, natural gas, and telecommunication. This project employs the method of analytic network process (ANP) to quantitatively gauge the preferences of different stakeholders for various policy options. First, in-depth interviews with representatives of different stakeholder groups were conducted, and the results served as the basis for the drafting of the ANP questionnaire questions. The ANP questionnaires were then distributed to wider circle of stakeholders to gather quantitative information on preferences. The results of the ANP were then fed into a game theory simulation to determine likely policy choice at the end of political negotiation. The results of the simulation suggest that most of the stakeholders would support a steeper increase in the unit price with the volume of water consumption. In addition, several expert and stakeholder workshops were conducted via the avenues of adult education centers to bring together government officials, water company representatives, and public stakeholders for policy dialogues. A conference on sustainable management of the public water supply sector was convened on April 19th of 2011 at the Taipei campus of Tamkang University, its attendants include non-governmental organizations, professionals from water companies, representatives of Water Sources Agency, and academic scholars in many fields such as public policy, economics, and water resources engineering. On November 1st and 2nd, two public awareness seminars at Wensun district of Taipei City and Taoyuan country, respectively. On November 8th and 11th, two public consultation meetings were held in Taipei and Taichung, respectively, alongside the award ceremony that recognizes efforts in water conservation.